Batch

Question 1

What is Batch?

Answer 1

Enables you to run batch computing workloads on the AWS Cloud. It is a regional service that simplifies running batch jobs across multiple AZs within a region.

Question 2

Features of Batch

Answer 2

-Batch manages compute environments and job queues, allowing you to easily run thousands of jobs of any scale using EC2 and EC2 Spot.
-Batch chooses where to run the jobs, launching additional AWS capacity if needed.
-Batch carefully monitors the progress of your jobs. When capacity is no longer needed, it will be removed.
-Batch provides the ability to submit jobs that are part of a pipeline or workflow, enabling you to express any interdependencies that exist between them as you submit jobs.

Question 3

Batch components?

Answer 3

-Jobs
-Job Definitions
-Job Queues
-Compute Environment

Question 4

What are Jobs?

Answer 4

A unit of work (such as a shell script, a Linux executable, or a Docker container image) that you submit to Batch.

Question 5

How do Jobs reference other jobs?

Answer 5

Jobs can reference other jobs by name or by ID, and can be dependent on the successful completion of other jobs.

Question 6

How many job types are there and what are they?

Answer 6

Single for single Job
Array for array Job of size 2 to 10,000

Question 7

Overview of an Array Job.

Answer 7

An array job shares common job parameters, such as the job definition, vCPUs, and memory. It runs as a collection of related, yet separate, basic jobs that may be distributed across multiple hosts and may run concurrently.

Question 8

What are Multi-node Parallel Jobs?

Answer 8

Multi-node parallel jobs enable you to run single large-scale, tightly coupled, high-performance computing applications and distributed GPU model training jobs that span multiple Amazon EC2 instances.

Question 9

Features/Facts of Batch with Multi-node Parallel Jobs?

Answer 9

-Batch lets you specify up to five distinct node groups for each job. Each group can have its own container images, commands, environment variables, and so on.
-Each multi-node parallel job contains a main node, which is launched first. After the main node is up, the child nodes are launched and started. If the main node exits, the job is considered finished, and the child nodes are stopped.
-Not supported on computing environments that use Spot Instances.

Question 10

What is a job dependency and how many dependencies exist per job?

Answer 10

-A job may have up to 20 dependencies.
-fFor Job depends on, enter the job IDs for any jobs that must finish before this job starts.

Question 11

Array Jobs only For N-To-N Job Dependencies.

Answer 11

(Array jobs only) For N-To-N job dependencies, specify one or more job IDs for any array of jobs for which each child job index of this job should depend on the corresponding child index job of the dependency.

Question 12

(Array jobs only) Run children sequentially

Answer 12

(Array jobs only) Run children sequentially creates a SEQUENTIAL dependency for the current array job. This ensures that each child index job waits for its earlier sibling to finish.

Question 13

How many states are there?

Answer 13

7

Question 14

What are the states?

Answer 14

-SUBMITTED – a job that has been submitted to the queue, and has not yet been evaluated by the scheduler.
-PENDING – a job that resides in the queue and is not yet able to run due to a dependency on another job or resource.
-RUNNABLE – a job that resides in the queue has no outstanding dependencies and is, therefore, ready to be scheduled to a host. Jobs in this state are started as soon as sufficient resources are available in one of the computing environments that are mapped to the job’s queue.
-STARTING – jobs have been scheduled to a host and the relevant container initiation operations are underway.
-RUNNING – the job is running as a container job on an Amazon ECS container instance within a computing environment. When the job’s container exits, the process exit code determines whether the job succeeded or failed. An exit code of 0 indicates success, and any non-zero exit code indicates failure.
-SUCCEEDED – the job has successfully completed with an exit code of 0. The job state for SUCCEEDED jobs is persisted for 24 hours.
-FAILED – the job has failed all available attempts. The job state for FAILED jobs is persisted for 24 hours.

Question 15

What can you do with Jobs that fail?

Answer 15

You can apply a retry strategy to your jobs and job definitions that allows failed jobs to be automatically retried.

Question 16

What could you do with a job that runs longer than it should?

Answer 16

You can configure a timeout duration for your jobs so that if a job runs longer than that, Batch terminates the job. If a job is terminated for exceeding the timeout duration, it is not retried. If it fails on its own, then it can retry if retries are enabled, and the timeout countdown is started over for the new attempt.

Question 17

Job Definitions?

Answer 17

Specifies how jobs are to be run.

Question 18

What can Job Definitions contain?

Answer 18

-an IAM role to provide programmatic access to other AWS resources.
-memory and CPU requirements for the job.
-controls for container properties, environment variables, and mount points for persistent storage.

Question 19

Job queues

Answer 19

This is where a Batch job resides until it is scheduled onto a computing environment.

Question 20

How many compute environments can you associate with a Job Queue?

Answer 20

You can associate one or more compute environments with a job queue.

Question 21

How can you make sure higher priority jobs have the highest priority?

Answer 21

You can assign priority values for the compute environments and even across job queues themselves.

Question 22

Batch Scheduler

Answer 22

The Batch Scheduler evaluates when, where, and how to run jobs that have been submitted to a job queue. Jobs run in approximately the order in which they are submitted as long as all dependencies on other jobs have been met

Question 23

Batch Compute Environment

Answer 23

A set of managed or unmanaged compute resources (such as EC2 instances) that are used to run jobs. Compute environments contain the Amazon ECS container instances that are used to run containerized batch jobs. A given compute environment can be mapped to one or many job queues.

Question 24

Batch Managed Compute Environment

Answer 24

Batch manages the capacity and instance types of the compute resources within the environment, based on the compute resource specification that you define when you create the computing environment. You can choose to use EC2 On-Demand Instances or Spot Instances in your managed compute environment. ECS container instances are launched into the VPC and subnets that you specify when you create the computing environment.

Question 25

Batch Unmanaged Compute Environment

Answer 25

You manage your own computing resources in this environment. After you have created your unmanaged compute environment, use the DescribeComputeEnvironments API operation to view the compute environment details and find the ECS cluster that is associated with the environment, and manually launch your container instances into that cluster.

Question 26

By default, what permissions do users have with Batch?

Answer 26

By default, IAM users don’t have permission to create or modify AWS Batch resources or perform tasks using the AWS Batch API.

Question 27

How can you manage access to Batch?

Answer 27

Take advantage of IAM policies, roles, and permissions. You can control access to AWS Batch resources based on the tag values.

Question 28

How can you monitor Batch?

Answer 28

You can use the AWS Batch event stream for CloudWatch Events to receive near real-time notifications regarding the current state of jobs that have been submitted to your job queues.

Question 29

True/False. Events from the AWS Batch event stream are ensured to be delivered at least one time.

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

True/False. CloudTrail captures all API calls for AWS Batch as events.

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

How is Batch charged?

Answer 31

There is no additional charge for AWS Batch. You pay for resources you create to store and run your application.