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dermatology > basis of hair and nail > Flashcards

basis of hair and nail Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what are the features of nails in psoriasis ?

A

nail pitting
salmon patch

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2
Q

nail pitting is a feature found in which dermatological diseases ?

A

psoriasis
atopy
eczema

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3
Q

what is the CP of onychomycosis ?

A

distal onycholysis
brittle nails
nail discolorations

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4
Q

what do yellow or green nails usually indicate ?

A

lymphatic obstruction in cardiopulmonary disease

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5
Q

what is beau line ?

A

a transverse depression in thee nail due to acute systemic illness that stopped the nail growth

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6
Q

what type of infection can case green nails?

A

candidiasis
or
pseudomonas

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7
Q

what are the different causes of koilonychia ?

A

spooning of the nail
anemia
diabetes
protein deficiency

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8
Q

what is pterygium characteristic of ?

A

lichen planus

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9
Q

fingernail or toenail infection are cured more quickly ?

A

toenail are cured more quickly

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10
Q

what are the different types of hair normally ?

A

vellus hair - fine light hair on most off the body
androgenic hair or terminal hair - thicker and darker
lanugo hair - coverrs the baby

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11
Q

what are thee three parts of a hair strand ?

A

medulla
cortex
cuticle

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12
Q

what are the three phases of hair growth ?

A

anagen - actively growing and lasts up to 6 years (9 growth phase )
catagen - in between phases
telogen - resting phase

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13
Q

what does hair length depend on ?

A

duration of the anagen phase

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14
Q

what alopecia ?

A

the abnormal loss of hair

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15
Q

what are the disease that fall under the band of non scarring alopecia ?

A

androgenic alopecia
low iron reserves
telogen effluvium
alopecia areata
hyper or hypothyroid

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16
Q

what is the cause of alopecia areata ?

A

non scarring type of alopecia
classified as an autoimmune disease

17
Q

what are the triggers of alopecia ?

A

viral infection
hormonal changes
emotional or physical stressors

18
Q

what is the diff between alopecia totalis and universalis ?

A

totalis - all scalp hair is lost
universalis - all hair on thee body is lost

19
Q

what is the prognosis of alopecia areata ?

A

if its a single patch full regrowth of hair in 6 months for 40% off patients
multiple patches , 27% regrow in 12 months
33% have chronic alopecia areata

20
Q

what is trichotillomania ?

A

irresistible urge to pull one’s hair
happens unconsciously

21
Q

what is the management of trichotillomania ?

A

behavioural therapy
TCA
SSRI

22
Q

what is the hair loss screen investigation ?

A

urea and electrolyte
LFT
iron TIBC ferritin
FBC
thyroid profile
ANA

dermatology (15 decks)

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