Basics of Pharmacology

Question 1

pharmacology

Answer 1

study of drug actions and interactions with the body

Question 2

pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

body’s interaction with the drug; what the body does to the drug; what physiological thing occurs?

Question 3

pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

action of the drug on the body

Question 4

drug

Answer 4

chemical substance that can produce a biologic response in the body

Question 5

medication

Answer 5

once the drug is administered

Question 6

regulatory body responsible for overseeing the control and administration of pharmaceuticals?

Answer 6

Health Canada under FDA

Question 7

what governs the control and regulation of scheduled drugs?

Answer 7

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

Question 8

Scheduled drugs

Answer 8

drugs with the likelihood of misuse or addiction

Question 9

examples of scheduled drugs

Answer 9

• morphine
• phenobarbital
• diazepam
• lorazepam

Question 9

generic name

Answer 9

given to the drug before official approval

Question 10

generic names start with (lower/upper) case letters

Answer 10

lower

Question 11

trade names

Answer 11

assigned by manufacturers

Question 12

trade names start with (lower/upper) case letters

Answer 12

upper case

Question 13

4 components of pharmacokinetics

Answer 13

1. absorption
2. distribution
3. metabolism
4. excretion

Question 14

absorption

Answer 14

drug entering bloodstream

Question 15

drugs can be in any state to be absorbed. t/f

Answer 15

false
drugs only get absorbed when its in liquid state

Question 16

pharmaceutical phase

Answer 16

time needed for the drug to disintegrate and dissolve before absorption can take place

Question 17

what impacts absorption?

Answer 17

• route of admin
• solubility
• size of absorbing surface area
• quantity of blood flow
• patient condition

Question 18

bioavailability

Answer 18

amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Question 19

first pass effect

Answer 19

part of the drug that gets metabolized before reaching the systemic circulation

Question 20

high oral bioavailability means …

Answer 20

less of the drug is needed to be given to get the desired effect

Question 21

first pass effect is only an issue with what type of medication?

Answer 21

oral meds

Question 22

prodrugs

Answer 22

oral meds that are given in inactive form; needs to be metabolized to be activated

Question 23

drug biodistribution

Answer 23

process of delivering a drug from the bloodstream to intended site

Question 24

what affects the rate and extent of the drug's distribution?

Answer 24

- circulation to that area - capillary permeability - tissues' composition - protein binding

Question 25

biotransformation

Answer 25

process by which the body alters the chemical form of the drug by enzymatic rx

Question 26

the body typically converts drugs into more (lipid/water) soluble.

Answer 26

water soluble

Question 27

most drugs are metabolized where?

Answer 27

the liver

Question 28

drug excretion

Answer 28

process where the drug and its metabolites are excreted from the body

Question 29

most drugs are excreted by?

Answer 29

kidneys

Question 30

what are other ways drugs are excreted from the body?

Answer 30

- biliary tract - feces - lungs - mammary glands - sweat and saliva

Question 31

half-life of a drug

Answer 31

time it takes for 50% of the drug to be cleared from the body

Question 32

drugs with fast clearance rate = ?

Answer 32

shorter half lives; can be taken more frequently

Question 33

receptors with greater affinity for the drug = (lower/higher) the efficacy of the drug at (lower/higher) doses

Answer 33

higher the efficacy of the drug at a lower dose

Question 34

onset of action

Answer 34

point where the drug has its intended effect

Question 35

peak concentration

Answer 35

time it takes for the drug to reach its max effect

Question 36

duration of action

Answer 36

time the drug needs to give its intended effect

Question 37

additive reaction

Answer 37

interaction between 2 or more drugs where the effect is the sum of each of their separate dosages

Question 38

synergistic reaction

Answer 38

interaction between 2 or more drug where an effect greater than the sum of their separate dosages

Question 39

antagonistic reaction

Answer 39

interaction between 2 or more drugs where one drug interferes with the action of another drug; leads to inhibition or neutralization of one of the drug's effect

Question 40

side effect

Answer 40

mild, common, unintended and non-toxic

Question 41

adverse effect

Answer 41

unintended effect that is more severe and life threatening

Question 42

6 rights

Answer 42

1. patient 2. drug 3. amount 4. route 5. time/date 6. documentation

Question 43

how many checkpoints are for medication administration?

Answer 43

3 before, during and after withdrawal of the meds

Question 44

when drawing a dose from the ampule, what type of needle is used?

Answer 44

a filtered needle

Question 45

examples of an enteral route of administration

Answer 45

oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal

Question 46

examples of a topical route of administration

Answer 46

through the skin, or if applied to eyes, nose, throat or respiratory mucosa (inhalation), vaginal or rectum

Question 47

examples of parenteral route of administration

Answer 47

intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, IV, intrathecal, epidural

Question 48

angle for intramuscular administration

Answer 48

90˚

Question 49

angle for subcutaneous administration

Answer 49

45˚

Question 50

angle for IV administration

Answer 50

15-30˚

Question 51

angle for intradermal administration

Answer 51

<15˚

Question 52

what indications infiltration of the IV lines?

Answer 52

redness, swelling, pain or tenderness