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Patient Care > Basics of Pharmacology > Flashcards

Basics of Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacology

A

study of drug actions and interactions with the body

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2
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

body’s interaction with the drug; what the body does to the drug; what physiological thing occurs?

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3
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

action of the drug on the body

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4
Q

drug

A

chemical substance that can produce a biologic response in the body

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5
Q

medication

A

once the drug is administered

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6
Q

regulatory body responsible for overseeing the control and administration of pharmaceuticals?

A

Health Canada under FDA

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7
Q

what governs the control and regulation of scheduled drugs?

A

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

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8
Q

Scheduled drugs

A

drugs with the likelihood of misuse or addiction

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9
Q

examples of scheduled drugs

A
  • morphine
  • phenobarbital
  • diazepam
  • lorazepam
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9
Q

generic name

A

given to the drug before official approval

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10
Q

generic names start with (lower/upper) case letters

A

lower

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11
Q

trade names

A

assigned by manufacturers

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12
Q

trade names start with (lower/upper) case letters

A

upper case

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13
Q

4 components of pharmacokinetics

A
  1. absorption
  2. distribution
  3. metabolism
  4. excretion
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14
Q

absorption

A

drug entering bloodstream

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15
Q

drugs can be in any state to be absorbed. t/f

A

false
drugs only get absorbed when its in liquid state

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16
Q

pharmaceutical phase

A

time needed for the drug to disintegrate and dissolve before absorption can take place

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17
Q

what impacts absorption?

A
  • route of admin
  • solubility
  • size of absorbing surface area
  • quantity of blood flow
  • patient condition
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18
Q

bioavailability

A

amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation

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19
Q

first pass effect

A

part of the drug that gets metabolized before reaching the systemic circulation

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20
Q

high oral bioavailability means …

A

less of the drug is needed to be given to get the desired effect

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21
Q

first pass effect is only an issue with what type of medication?

A

oral meds

22
Q

prodrugs

A

oral meds that are given in inactive form; needs to be metabolized to be activated

23
Q

drug biodistribution

A

process of delivering a drug from the bloodstream to intended site

24
Q

what affects the rate and extent of the drug’s distribution?

A
  • circulation to that area
  • capillary permeability
  • tissues’ composition
  • protein binding
25
Q

biotransformation

A

process by which the body alters the chemical form of the drug by enzymatic rx

26
Q

the body typically converts drugs into more (lipid/water) soluble.

A

water soluble

27
Q

most drugs are metabolized where?

A

the liver

28
Q

drug excretion

A

process where the drug and its metabolites are excreted from the body

29
Q

most drugs are excreted by?

A

kidneys

30
Q

what are other ways drugs are excreted from the body?

A
  • biliary tract
  • feces
  • lungs
  • mammary glands
  • sweat and saliva
31
Q

half-life of a drug

A

time it takes for 50% of the drug to be cleared from the body

32
Q

drugs with fast clearance rate = ?

A

shorter half lives; can be taken more frequently

33
Q

receptors with greater affinity for the drug = (lower/higher) the efficacy of the drug at (lower/higher) doses

A

higher the efficacy of the drug at a lower dose

34
Q

onset of action

A

point where the drug has its intended effect

35
Q

peak concentration

A

time it takes for the drug to reach its max effect

36
Q

duration of action

A

time the drug needs to give its intended effect

37
Q

additive reaction

A

interaction between 2 or more drugs where the effect is the sum of each of their separate dosages

38
Q

synergistic reaction

A

interaction between 2 or more drug where an effect greater than the sum of their separate dosages

39
Q

antagonistic reaction

A

interaction between 2 or more drugs where one drug interferes with the action of another drug; leads to inhibition or neutralization of one of the drug’s effect

40
Q

side effect

A

mild, common, unintended and non-toxic

41
Q

adverse effect

A

unintended effect that is more severe and life threatening

42
Q

6 rights

A
  1. patient
  2. drug
  3. amount
  4. route
  5. time/date
  6. documentation
43
Q

how many checkpoints are for medication administration?

A

3
before, during and after withdrawal of the meds

44
Q

when drawing a dose from the ampule, what type of needle is used?

A

a filtered needle

45
Q

examples of an enteral route of administration

A

oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal

46
Q

examples of a topical route of administration

A

through the skin, or if applied to eyes, nose, throat or respiratory mucosa (inhalation), vaginal or rectum

47
Q

examples of parenteral route of administration

A

intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, IV, intrathecal, epidural

48
Q

angle for intramuscular administration

A

90˚

49
Q

angle for subcutaneous administration

A

45˚

50
Q

angle for IV administration

A

15-30˚

51
Q

angle for intradermal administration

A

<15˚

52
Q

what indications infiltration of the IV lines?

A

redness, swelling, pain or tenderness

Patient Care (6 decks)

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