Basics of Pharmacology Flashcards
movement from site of administration to bloodstream
absorption
Components of Pharmacokinetics
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
What are the 6 potential metabolism consequences?
accelerated renal excretion, drug inactivation, increased therapeutic action, activation of prodrugs, increased toxicity, decreased toxicity
When will the drug level usually “plateau”?
after approx. 4 half-lives
What determines how intense drug effects will be?
amount of absorption
How can a plateau be achieved earlier than 4 hours?
by administering a larger initial dose (loading dose)
4 Primary Receptor Families
cell-membrane-embedded enzymes, ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptor systems, transcription factors
describes medication using chemistry nomenclature
chemical name
movement of drugs into cells
distribution
What are the advantages of PO med administration?
easy and convenient administration, inexpensive, potentially reversible
effectiveness of a drug; largest effect that a drug can produce
efficacy
removal of drug from body
excretion
factors affecting distribution
blood flow to tissues, fluid status, alterations to vessels and abscesses
name of drug assigned by US Adopted Names Council that is less complex than chemical name
generic name
time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%
half-life
How can malnourishment affect the distribution of drugs?
malnourished = decreased albumin stores = decreased albumin/drug binding = increased drug levels in body
biotransformation or conversion of drugs into another form
metabolism
what the drug does to the body
pharmacodynamics
what the body does to the drug
pharmacokinetics
drug administered = drug eliminated
plateau
how much of a drug is needed to elicit a response
potency
What are the advantages of IM/SQ med administration?
rapid absorption (with water-soluble drugs), permits use of poorly soluble drugs and depot preparations
What are the advantages of IV med administration?
rapid onset and permits use of large volumes and irritant drugs, instant absorption
What determines how quickly medication effects will occur?
rate of absorption
factors affecting absorption
rate of dissolution, surface area of absorption site, blood flow, lipid solubility, pH partitioning
10 rights of medication administration
right person, medication, dose, time, route, documentation, reason, response, to refuse
What drug class is comprised of the most addictive drugs?
schedule 1 drugs
name under which a drug is marketed under for ease of use and recall
trade name
