Basics of Pharmacology

Question 1

movement from site of administration to bloodstream

Answer 1

absorption

Question 1

Components of Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Question 2

What are the 6 potential metabolism consequences?

Answer 2

accelerated renal excretion, drug inactivation, increased therapeutic action, activation of prodrugs, increased toxicity, decreased toxicity

Question 3

When will the drug level usually “plateau”?

Answer 3

after approx. 4 half-lives

Question 4

What determines how intense drug effects will be?

Answer 4

amount of absorption

Question 5

How can a plateau be achieved earlier than 4 hours?

Answer 5

by administering a larger initial dose (loading dose)

Question 6

4 Primary Receptor Families

Answer 6

cell-membrane-embedded enzymes, ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptor systems, transcription factors

Question 7

describes medication using chemistry nomenclature

Answer 7

chemical name

Question 8

movement of drugs into cells

Answer 8

distribution

Question 9

What are the advantages of PO med administration?

Answer 9

easy and convenient administration, inexpensive, potentially reversible

Question 10

effectiveness of a drug; largest effect that a drug can produce

Answer 10

efficacy

Question 11

removal of drug from body

Answer 11

excretion

Question 12

factors affecting distribution

Answer 12

blood flow to tissues, fluid status, alterations to vessels and abscesses

Question 13

name of drug assigned by US Adopted Names Council that is less complex than chemical name

Answer 13

generic name

Question 14

time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%

Answer 14

half-life

Question 15

How can malnourishment affect the distribution of drugs?

Answer 15

malnourished = decreased albumin stores = decreased albumin/drug binding = increased drug levels in body

Question 16

biotransformation or conversion of drugs into another form

Answer 16

metabolism

Question 17

what the drug does to the body

Answer 17

pharmacodynamics

Question 18

what the body does to the drug

Answer 18

pharmacokinetics

Question 19

drug administered = drug eliminated

Answer 19

plateau

Question 20

how much of a drug is needed to elicit a response

Answer 20

potency

Question 21

What are the advantages of IM/SQ med administration?

Answer 21

rapid absorption (with water-soluble drugs), permits use of poorly soluble drugs and depot preparations

Question 22

What are the advantages of IV med administration?

Answer 22

rapid onset and permits use of large volumes and irritant drugs, instant absorption

Question 23

What determines how quickly medication effects will occur?

Answer 23

rate of absorption

Question 24

factors affecting absorption

Answer 24

rate of dissolution, surface area of absorption site, blood flow, lipid solubility, pH partitioning

Question 25

10 rights of medication administration

Answer 25

right person, medication, dose, time, route, documentation, reason, response, to refuse

Question 26

What drug class is comprised of the most addictive drugs?

Answer 26

schedule 1 drugs

Question 27

name under which a drug is marketed under for ease of use and recall

Answer 27

trade name