Basics of Paediatric Orthopaedics Flashcards
Until what age are children bow legged?
2 years old
What is the more accurate term for bow-legged?
Genu Vara
What is the medical term for knock-kneed?
Genu Valga
Between what ages is a Genu Valga most prominent?
3-4 yrs
What is the general progression of Genu vara to valga to what is regarded as normal?
If a child has genu vara and is > 18 months old, what should you do?
Refer to orthopaedics
If a child is > 7 years old, and has genu valga, what should you do?
Refer to orthopaedics
Iif a child has symmetrical genu valga and is between 18 months and 7 years old, what should you do?
GP Review at 7 years - this is probably physiological genu valga
If a child has asymmetrical genu valga between the ages of 18 months and 7 years old, what should you do?
Refer to orthopaedics
What percentage of infants is intoeing seen in?
14-18%
By what age does intoeing become most evident?
Age 2
What is intoeing usually secondary to?
Persistent femoral anteversion
What is persistent femoral anteversion?
Femoral anteversion - the orientation of the femoral neck in relation to the femoral condyles at the level of the knee.
- Children - 30-40o anteverted
- Adults - 8-14o anteverted
Pathological intoeing occurs when childhood degree of anteversion remains
Children commonly sit splay legged in W-shape
What is internal tibial torsion?
Increased thigh foot angle - 90% spontaneously resolve
What is metatarsus adductus?
Common foot deformity noted at birth that causes the front half of the foot, or forefoot, to turn inward.
What are the causes of intoeing in a child?
- Persistent femoral anteversion - twisted thigh bone
- Internal tibial torsion - twisted shin
- Metatarsus adductus - curved foot
What is flexible flat foot?
Flat foot deformity which corrects when child stands on their tip toes. Presents with lat longitudinal arch and valgus heel deformity
