Basics of experimentation Flashcards
Also referred as explanatory variable. Variable that is manipulated intentionally by the experimenters
Independent variable
Two or more values of the independent variable manipulated by the experimenter
Levels of the IV
Also referred to as outcome variable. The variable that is being observed or measured
Dependent variable
The specification of the precise meaning of variable within an experiment. Defining a variable in terms of procedures, measurement, and operations
Operational definition
An outline about the concept of the variable. Does not explain the measurement or manipulation (Unlike operational)
Conceptual definition
The _____ is the definition of the variable and the ______ is how it is performed in an experiment. (Which type of definition is which)
Conceptual; Operational
Explanation of the meaning of the independent variable. Defines how exactly it is done.
Experimental Operational Definition
Description that contains how exactly the variable is measured in the experiment
Measured Operational Definition
The consistency and the dependability of the experimental procedures
Reliability
The degree of agreement or the consistency between two or more scorers.
Inter-rater reliability
An estimate of reliability by correlating pairs of scores from the same test with different administration in a single subject
Test-Retest reliability
Pertains to a measure based on the correlations between different items on the same test
Inter-Item Reliability
It measures what it intends to measure
Validity
Relates to what a test appears to measure than to what the test actually measure.
Presentation of the psychological test
Face validity
Describes a judgement of how adequately a test samples behavior representatives of the universe of behavior that the test was designed to sample. Samples what it was designed to sample
Content validity
An index of the degree to which a test score predicts some criterion measure.
Predictive validity
Explain concurrent validity
Di ko alam to pero sige
Established through a series of activities in which a researcher simultaneously defines some construct and develops the instrumentation to measure it
Construct validity
A variable other than an independent variable or dependent variable
Extraneous variables
An error that occurs when the value of an extraneous variable changes systematically along with the independent variable in an experiment.
Confounding
All _________ are extraneous variables, but not all _________ are confounders
Confounders; Extraneous variables
Pertains to a situation where it is unclear which variable occurred first, leading to confusion about which variable is the causal and which one is the effect
Ambiguous Temporal Precedence
An outside event producing an effect on the dependent variable
History threat
A threat to internal validity produced by internal changes in subjects
Maturation Threat
A threat to internal validity produced by a previous administration of the same test or other measure
Testing threat
A threat to internal validity produced by changes in the measuring instrument itself
Instrumentation threat
Threat to internal validity that can occur when subjects are assigned to conditions based on extreme scores on a test. Scores going back to the mean even without any treatment
Statistical regression threat
A threat to internal validity that can occur when nonrandom procedures are used to assign subjects to conditions
Selection threat
Also known as attrition. Subjects dropping out of the experiment
Mortality threat
A family of threat that is a combination of one or more threat to internal validity (2 or more threat present)
Selection Interactions
