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Great Civ 2014-2015 > Basics For Exam > Flashcards

Basics For Exam Flashcards

1
Q

An important import for the desert of SSA

A

Salt

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2
Q

An important export for many of the civilizations in SSA

A

Gold

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3
Q

What art method was used in SSA

A

Wax method

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4
Q

Type of religion in traditional SSA religion and what it means

A

Henotheism

Means that there is one main creator God and other smaller gods

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5
Q

What “innovation” changed the desert in SSA, and in what way

A

Camels, they helped with transportation

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6
Q

How is history passed down in SSA

A

Orally

Through griots

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7
Q

What migration in SSA connected the different civilizations

A

The Bantu Migrations

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8
Q

In the savanna of SSA what was wealth based on

A

Ownership of cattle

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9
Q

What metal was incredibly important in SSA and shows their sophistication

A

Iron

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10
Q

What does synthesis mean in Ancient India

A

Mixing of culture of Aryans and Dravidians

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11
Q

What was the social structure of Ancient India

A

The Caste System

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12
Q

A staple crop in savanna of SSA

A

African rice and millet

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13
Q

A concept shared by many Indian religions

A

Reincarnation

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14
Q

The ultimate goal of Hinduism is to be…

A

At one with the universe/Brahman

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15
Q

What is India geographically

A

A subcontinent

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16
Q

A key part of Indian weather patterns is the…

A

Monsoon

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17
Q

A key export of India

A

Cotton and spices

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18
Q

Staple crops of India

A

Wheat and barley

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19
Q

When was India not unified at all

A

When there were local rulers, which were called rajas

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20
Q

What does Buddha mean

A

The enlightened one

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21
Q

What is the Gupta Dynasty (quote)

A

“The last great Hindu empire”

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22
Q

What animal is sacred in Hinduism

A

Cows

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23
Q

Two groups at the bottom of the Chinese Social Pyramid

A

Merchants and warriors

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24
Q

What concepts of Confucianism focus on family

A

The Five Relationships

Filial Piety

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25
Q

What did China call themselves

A

The Middle Kingdom

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26
Q

What were women referred to in Ancient China

A

The second sex

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27
Q

What Chinese export was super important

A

Silk

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28
Q

An important staple crop in Ancient China

A

Rice (and it was double harvested), and there is also wheat

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29
Q

An important invention in Ancient China

A

Paper and printing presses

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30
Q

A system created in Ancient China in order to get more scholars into the government

A

The Examination System

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31
Q

Importance of balance in Ancient China/religion

A

Yin and Yang

Super important

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32
Q

Element of music in Ancient China

A

Timbre

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33
Q

What concept have people the right to overthrow the government in Ancient China?

A

The Mandate of Heaven

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34
Q

What was China’s main military strategy?

A

The Great Wall

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35
Q

An important idea that came to China through the Silk Road?

A

Buddhism

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36
Q

A reason why Empress Wu is not on the list of greatest Chinese rulers?

A

Because she is a woman

Because she supports Buddhism

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37
Q

What were the three golden ages of Ancient China?

A

Tang, Sung, Han

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38
Q

What frozen body of water was crossed to get to the Western Hemisphere?

A

The Bering Strait

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39
Q

What coincidence happened in Meso America in 1519

A

The Spanish came and Quetzalcoatl was supposed to come back

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40
Q

The staple crop on Meso America was

A

Corn/maize

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41
Q

The most important animal in Meso America was

A

The jaguar

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42
Q

What were the big colossal heads in Meso America

A

Big basalt sculptures from the time of the Olmecs

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43
Q

How did people in Meso America overcome agricultural challenges

A

Floating gardens
Terrace farming
Aqueducts

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44
Q

Meso Americans believe that “your soul is in your ______”

A

Blood

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45
Q

Which city in Meso America is the most important and is on the Mexican flag

A

Tenochtitlan

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46
Q

Meso Americans believed that caves were an opening to what?

A

The underworld

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47
Q

What stone in Meso America was very precious

A

Jade

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48
Q

A social class in Meso America that was larger than normal

A

Slaves

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49
Q

What Maya age was seen as a “golden age”

A

Classical

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50
Q

Amount of rivers and mountains in SSA

A

Lots of rivers but not many major mountains

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51
Q

Mediterranean climate zone SSA

A

Where traders came from

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52
Q

Desert climate zone SSA

A

Sand, camels

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53
Q

Savanna climate zone SSA

A

Good for cattle, unreliable rain, good trade

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54
Q

Rainforest climate zone SSA

A

No large scale agriculture, some trade but difficult because no animals- cannot have pack animals because of fly that carries disease, not good transportation, “hunting and gathering” mentality for food

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55
Q

Mother culture of SSA

A

Bantu Migrations

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56
Q

Agriculture SSA in rainforest

A

Hunting and gathering, limited, worse than savanna

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57
Q

Agriculture SSA in savanna

A

Decent, unreliable rain, better than rainforest

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58
Q

Specific trade items savanna SSA

A

Got salt for gold

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59
Q

SSA staple crops in savanna (and in general)

A

Millet and African rice (African rice did not need as much water as Asian rice)

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60
Q

Basic government SSA

A

Monarchy, kings and queens, had elders and advisors

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61
Q

SSA basic social system

A

Fluid mobility, lineage, matrilineal, some slaves, women were treated pretty well

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62
Q

Wealth was based off what in savanna in SSA

A

Was based off of ownership of cattle

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63
Q

Traditional African Religion

A

Henotheistic, animism, after life was important, ancestor worship

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64
Q

Basic art SSA

A

Lost wax process (shows sophistication), everybody is an artist, sophisticated

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65
Q

Basic music SSA

A

Rhythm, everyone is a musician, a part of life

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66
Q

Main music aspect SSA

A

Rhythm

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67
Q

How history was kept in SSA

A

Oral history, didn’t write stuff down, griot

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68
Q

Griot SSA

A

Knew history of town, oral, teacher of history, if griot died before passing down the history the history of the family would be lost

69
Q

What revolution occurred for Meso America

A

The Neolithic Revolution

70
Q

Meso America staple crops

A

Corn/maize

71
Q

Rainforest Meso America

A

Cleared out, not like Africa, south is farmable

72
Q

Savanna Meso America

A

Not like Africa, highlands, good farming

73
Q

Rivers Meso America

A

No major ones

74
Q

Any pack animals in Meso America?

A

No, didn’t have any pack animals

75
Q

Geography’s affect on unity in Meso America

A

Didn’t affect it

76
Q

Meso America resources

A

Wood and stone

77
Q

Trade Meso America

A

Isolated so low trade

But traded within Meso America- no international trade

78
Q

Agriculture Meso America

A

Challenging-needed water

79
Q

Water Meso America

A

Had to use aqueducts

Needed to make the land work for them

80
Q

Meso America architecture

A

Flat topped pyramids
Connected to astronomy
Arch was different

81
Q

Meso America Art

A

Big colossal heads of basalt

Jade

82
Q

Stone in Meso America that was really important

A

Jade

83
Q

Writing system Meso America

A

Maya had only original writing system in Meso America- but not much information on it because Spanish burned when they came
Olmecs has yet to be deciphered
Aztecs was more limited and basic

84
Q

Arrival of Spanish Meso America

A

1519

Spanish won because: Aztecs thought their God was coming that year, Spanish brought diseases, and many other reasons

85
Q

What is the mother culture of Meso America

A

The Olmecs

86
Q

In which religion was Nirvana the ultimate goal?

A

Buddhism

87
Q

What is karma?

A

What goes around comes around/ what happens in this life will affect your next life

88
Q

What civilization pressured India several years before the Mauryan Dynasty started?

A

Persia and Greece

89
Q

What was the name of the founder of the Mauryan Empire?

A

Chandragupta Maurya

90
Q

What does Shih Huangdi mean?

A

The First Universal Emperor

91
Q

What items did Shih Huangdi standardize?

A

Money, coinage, government, and tax

92
Q

What was the name of the trade route that was developed during the Han Dynasty in China?

A

The Silk Road

93
Q

The warrior class in Japan was known as…

A

Samurais

94
Q

What was a ronin in Ancient Japan?

A

bandit samurai/samurai who did not have masters or who had economic troubles

95
Q

The political ruler of Ancient Japan was called a…

A

The Shogun-indirect ruler

96
Q

Who tried to attack Ancient Japan in the late 1200s?

A

The Mongols (Kublai Khan)

97
Q

“The Maya were obsessed with _______”

A

War

98
Q

What was an important part of Mayan Religion which was not seen much elsewhere in the world?

A

Human sacrifice/giving blood

99
Q

What happened to the Mayans in 800?

A

Began to decline and abandon the civilization for no reason known

100
Q

Two groups in Maya upper class

A

Priests and nobles

101
Q

What was another name for the Aztecs?

A

The Mexicas

102
Q

India mountains

A

Himalayas and Hindu Kush
Hindu Kush had a pass
Great protection

103
Q

India two great river valleys

A

Indus and Ganges

Great agriculture

104
Q

India Deccan Plateau

A

Upside down triangle at bottom of India

Decent agriculture

105
Q

India coasts

A

Rainforest ish

106
Q

Indus Valley distinctive features

A

Sophisticated, undeciphered language

107
Q

What Buddha means

A

The enlightened one

108
Q

Asoka

A

First ruled horribly the became kind and converted to Buddhism

109
Q

Chandragupta Maurya

A

Started Mauryan Dynasty, wasn’t liked, very harsh

110
Q

Synthesis

A

Ancient India

Blending of Aryans and Dravidians

111
Q

Caste System

A

In India

Determines life, very rigid, Aryans started to separate themselves from Dravidians

112
Q

Caste System order

A 
Brahmans (priests)
Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers)
Vaisyas (merchants, farmers, artisans)
Shudras 
Outcasts (not a formal caste, majorly shunned)
113
Q

Reason to follow Caste System

A

Tradition
Gods created
Reincarnation

114
Q

Vedas

A

Sacred religious texts from Hinduism from Vedic Age

115
Q

Sanskrit

A

Written language

Started in Vedic Age

116
Q

Raja

A

Local tribal chief

117
Q

Special Indian music aspect

A

Melody

118
Q

India women

A

Seen as the second sex
Not educated
Sati (when husband died, had to burn to death when her husband was cremated)

119
Q

India trade

A

Used Silk Road and imported a lot from Africa

120
Q

India key products

A

Cotton, spices, tea

121
Q

Decline of Buddhism India

A

Declined during Gupta Dynasty
Against Hinduism
Lost appeal because didn’t believe in caste system

122
Q

Reincarnation India

A

Hinduism and Buddhism believe that you become something else when you die
Goes along with karma

123
Q

Karma India

A

What you do in this life will affect your next life/what goes around comes around

124
Q

India Mother Culture

A

Vedic Age

125
Q

Empress Wu

A

Age of Early Empire

Favored Buddhism- people didn’t like her that much because Buddhism was seen as a foreign religion

126
Q

Confucius

A

Started Confucianism

Was really poor as a kid

127
Q

Shih Huangdi

A

Unifies China
Standardized a bunch of things
Legalist
Crucial

128
Q

Kublai Khan

A

Ruled China and started Mongol Dynasty
Peaceful
Problem was that he is not Chinese

129
Q

Golden Ages of China

A

T’ang Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Sung Dynasty

130
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

Chinese dynastic cycle

When the rulers were being bad the citizens rebelled, and it was as if “heaven” didn’t like the rulers anymore

131
Q

Staple crops of China

A

Rice (double harvest) in south, wheat in north

132
Q

Natural Boundaries of China

A

Strong
Only problem was to North- which is why The Great Wall was built
Very protected and isolated

133
Q

Great Wall of China

A

Couldn’t battle the barbarians (Huns) so created wall to stop them and their horses

134
Q

Why Great Wall of China was bad

A

Got people killed because was so hard to make

Wasted a lot of money

135
Q

Filial Piety

A

Respecting ones elders and parents

Ancient China

136
Q

Five Relationships

A

Five important relationships in Confucianism~

  1. older brother to younger brother
  2. father to son
  3. husband to wife
  4. older friend to younger friend
  5. subject to ruler
137
Q

Writing system China

A

Ideographic

People who could read/write were in upper classes

138
Q

Three Doctrines

A

Ancient China

Three main religions: Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism

139
Q

Trade China

A

Export: silk
Import: nothing for a while, eventually tea
did not really need trade because they had many resources, but traded a lot anyway/economy was strong because of it

140
Q

Arrival of Buddhism to China

A

Through Silk Road

141
Q

Silk China

A

Only China had it for hundreds of years
Main export
Very strict to not let it out

142
Q

Examination System China

A

Exams people took to get into government
Based a lot on confucianism
Train entire life for this
Seen as a way to make government non-hereditary and to get more scholars into government

143
Q

Women China

A

Foot binding
Seen as property
Son preference

144
Q

In SSA extended family would be grouped into larger groups based on ancestry called…

A

Lineage groups

145
Q

Matrilineal SSA

A

The lineage was through ones mother

146
Q

Japan geography

A

Archipelago, volcanic islands
Lots of mountains
Protected/isolated

147
Q

Japan natural boundaries

A

Good

Isolated

148
Q

Japan natural resources

A

Limited

Wood

149
Q

Japan agriculture

A

Not much farmland but what they have is good

150
Q

Japan staple crops

A

Rice (double harvest) and fish

151
Q

Japan unity

A

Decent, not amazing

152
Q

Japanese clans

A

Uji

Large family groups

153
Q

Japan rulers

A

Monarchy

Rulers were more focused on religion than on government and politics

154
Q

Japan and China similarities

A

Confucianism, Buddhism, little bit of language, art, culture, government structure

155
Q

Japan music

A 
Like China
Timbre, only upper class could play, pentatonic scale
156
Q

Japan and China differences

A

No mandate of heaven in Japan and no examination system

157
Q

Mongol Invasion of Japan

A

Tried to invade but couldn’t because of a typhoon

158
Q

Kamikaze means…

A

Divine winds

159
Q

Japan social

A

Decent mobility

Family of Shogun would rule

160
Q

Taoism basics

A

Secondary religion for China
Yin and Yang
Polytheistic
Non-violence

161
Q

Shinto basics

A

No founder
The Kami: deities
Nature is really important

162
Q

Real rulers name in Japan

A

Shogun

163
Q

Shogun Japan

A

Military warlord, an amazing warrior, political ruler

164
Q

Name for warriors in Japan

A

Samurais

165
Q

Ronin Japan

A

Used to be a samurai but master abandoned them

“free agent”

166
Q

Where are merchants on Japan Social Pyramid

A

Bottom

167
Q

Portuguese coming to Japan

A

Brought trade, christianity, and weapons

168
Q

Tokugawa Japan

A

Last unifier of Japan
Made social system super rigid
Very peaceful
Japan closed off from rest of world

Great Civ 2014-2015 (5 decks)

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