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Basics/Behavior Modifying Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral Cortex Functionality:

A

info processing/interpretation

fx in sensations, perceptions, voluntary movement, learning, speech, cognition

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2
Q

Medulla functionality:

A

where the control centers are

fx in respiration, cardiac and vasomotor control areas

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3
Q

Cerebellum functionality:

A

voluntary movement

Vermis, located here- balance

cognitive fx such as repetitive events

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4
Q

Thalamus functionality:

A

acts as relay center

filters/modulates sensory information to cerebral cortex

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5
Q

Hypothalamus functionality:

A

controls the ANS, hormonal reg via pituitary

visceral response

internal homeostasis

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6
Q

Basal Ganglia functionality:

A

voluntary motor control

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7
Q

Limbic System functionality:

A

cingulate gyrus, hippocampal formation, amygdala

emotions, social behavior, memory

site of action for ANTIDEPRESSANTS and ANTIPSYCHOTICS

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8
Q

Dopamine cell body location:

A

substansia negri

ventral tegument

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9
Q

Norepinephrine cell body location:

A

locus coeruleus

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10
Q

Serotonin cell body location:

A

Raphe nucleus, sends projections to the cortex

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11
Q

Function of dopamine:

A

act od D1-D5 and DAT

movement, planning, reinforcement

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12
Q

Function of NE:

A

act on A/B adrenergic receptors, play role in sleep, re anxiety, mood, learning, memory

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13
Q

Function of serotonin

A

mood, appetite, sleep, higher congnitive fx

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14
Q

what drugs enhance serotonin?

A

TCAs and SSRIs

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15
Q

What drugs modualte dopamine?

A

neuroleptics

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16
Q

T/F elation caused by hyperserotin transmission

A

FALSE, caused by hyperdopaminergic transmission

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17
Q

WHat are the 4 dopaminergic pathways in the brain?

A

nigrostriatal

mesocortical

mesolimbic

tuberinfundibular

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18
Q

Define analeptics:

A

arousal effect characterized by return to consciousness in anesthetized or sedated pateints

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19
Q

What do analeptics do?

A

stimulate medullary respiratory centers and chemoreceptors, to pdx increase in tidal volume

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20
Q

What are the 2 analeptics we discussed?

A

doxapram

methylxanthines

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21
Q

What is the mech of action of methylxanthines?

A

PDE inhitors -> increase in cAMP

Binds adenosine receptors

leads to bronchodilation, vasodilation, inhibition of mediator release

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22
Q

Adverse effects of Dopram:

A

can preciptate seisures in predisposed animals

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23
Q

Adverse effects of methyxanthines:

A

cardiac disrhythmia can occur in cases of severe toxicity

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24
Q

What is in chocolate that causes a toxicity in dogs?

A

Theobromide

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25
What is the biogenic hypothesis of mood?
reduction in NE/ 5-HT receptors play role in depression
26
What is the proposed mech of action of benzodiazapines?
enchance GABAnergic neurotransmission via GABA-a receptor, enhance Cl- channels Net result is hyperpolarization
27
What are the 3 levels of benzodiazepine doses and their effect?
low- mild sedative moderate- ant-anxiety agent high- hypnotic
28
T/F benzodiazepines are indicated for SHORT TERM tx of anxiety disorders
TRUE
29
What drugs can oyu combine with benzodiazepines to increase the efficacy?
TCAs / SSRIs
30
When are benzodiazepines contraindicated and why?
aggressive patients, especially when anxiety is masking aggression, dogs become aggressive once the anxiety is inhibited
31
What are the adverse effects of benzodiazepines?
need to be gradually weaned off drug physical addiction ataxia liver necrosis
32
T/F benzodiazepans cause learning impairment
True
33
What is Diazepam used to treat?
anxiety for the most part cat urine spraying, appetite stimualnt in cats, muscle relaxant, neroleptanalgesia
34
What are the adverse effects of diazepam?
Hepatic necrosis in cats reduced metabolism of drug when given concurrently with CYP-40 metabolizing drugs
35
What is Alprazolam used for? What drug should be used with it?
acute fear situations, storm phobia in combo w/ clomipramine
36
What are the adverse effects pf alprazolam?
should not be given w/ CYP-40 impairing drugs
37
Indications for oxazepan?
appetite stim in cats patients w/ imparied heptic fx
38
Contraindications for oxazepan?
can become anti-social fighting fish
39
What are azapirones? `
Selective anxiolytic with minimal side effects
40
What is Buspirine?
azaprine- takes several weeks to work generalized anxiety disorders not associated w/ withdrawal effects No amnesia effects no sedating
41
What is the mech of TCAs?
block re-uptake of NE/ 5-HT pdx desensitization of alpha 2 receptors, resulting in elevated extrasynaptic 5-HT/NE levels anticholinergic sdie effects via muscarinic receptor antagonism
42
What are the 2 important TCAs she talked about... guys?
Amitriptyline Clomipramine
43
Amitriptyline
Interstitial cystitis in cats cats w/ inappropriate urination, crazy cats, self mutilating dogs Adverse effects: sedation, mydriasis, urin retention
44
Clomipramine
FDA approval for anxiety in dogs
45
Adverse effects of TCAs
anticholinergic effects- dry mouth, constipation, tachy H1 antagonism- sedation alpha 1 antagonism- orthostatic hypotension ventricular arhythmia
46
What are the indications for SSRIs?
targets 5HT reuptake inhibitors non sedating no cardiac toxicicty depression, anxiety, aggression, compulsive disorders
47
Adverse effects of SSRIs:
minimal GI disturbances serotonin syndrome
48
Mech of Action of SSRIs
selectively block presynaptic serotonin transporters (SERT) inhibit uptake of serotonin leads to elevated synaptic 5-HT levels
49
What are MAOIs?
monoamine oxidase inhibitors prevent the breakdown of NE. 5HT and DA
50
What is SELEGILINE?
irreversible and selective inhibitor of MAO-B FDA approval for tx of CCD- canine cognitive disorder
51
T/F tx buspirone should be administered concurrentyl w/ MAOIs for maximum efficacy
FALSE will result in hypertensive crisis
52
T/F TCAs shouls not be used concurrently w/ SSRIs and MAOIs
TRUE may inhibit metabolism
53
SSRI used concurrently with MAOIs will result in _______
serotonin syndrome
54
T/F concurrent behavioral therapy is essential for successful pharmacology
TRUE
55
________ is used to tx aggression
``` SSRI Azapirones TCAs hormones combo ```
56
________ is used to tx anxieties, fear, phobias
``` BZs SSRIS azapirones MAOIs TCAs ```
57
________ is used to tx CCD in geriatric patients
MAOIs- selegrine
58
________ is used to tx Compulsive disorders
``` SSRIs antipsychotics TCAs opiods opiod antagonists ```
59
________ is used to tx Hyperkinesis / ADD
CNS stimulants
60
Hyperdopamine causes what?
Elation and euphoria
61
What are three examples of Methylxanthines?
Caffeine Theobromine Theophylline

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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