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EKG > basics > Flashcards

basics Flashcards

1
Q

wandering pacemakers do what tho the PR interval

A

cause it to vary

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2
Q

sinus dysrhythmia and second degree heart block are_____ irregular

A

patterned

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3
Q

P wave duration longer than 10 seconds suggests ___ and is called ____

A

LAE and is called P mitrale

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4
Q

what is the QT interval good for measuring

A

ventricular depolarization and repolarization

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5
Q

which are the unipolar leads

A

aVR, aVL, aVF, and V1- V6

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6
Q

R wave represents

A

impulse going through bundle branches and into the purkinje fibers

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7
Q

what does V2 view

A

RV

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8
Q

in the QRS complex, which waves can there be more of

A

R and S (R’ or r’ or S’ or s’)

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9
Q

what does a normal PR interval length

A

0.12 to 0.2 seconds (3-5 small boxes)

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10
Q

paroxysmal tachycardia is …

A

a normal HR that suddenly accelerates to a rapid rate produces an irregularity

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11
Q

what is the j point

A

where the QRS complex meets the ST segment (the exact point where it hits the isoelectric line)

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12
Q

what is aberrant conduction

A

when the next impulse reaches the bundle branch while it is still in the refractory period

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13
Q

lead 1, aVL, and V5-V6 abnormalities suggests

A

ischemia/ infarct to the lateral region of the heart

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14
Q

what can cause a shorter PR interval (less than 0.12 seconds)

A

when a supraventricular impulse travels through weird accessory pathways to get to the ventricles, leading to premature ventricular depolarization (pre-excitation)

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15
Q

what does the aVF view

A

inferior wall of LV

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16
Q

what can cause low voltage QRS complexes

A

obesity, pericardial effusion, hypothyroidism

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17
Q

V1-V4 abnormalities suggests

A

ischemia/ infarct to the anterior region of the heart

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18
Q

what causes widened bizarre QRS complexes

A

intraventricular conduction defect; often a bundle branch block

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19
Q

atrial flutter, a-fib, 3rd degree AV heart block, and ventricular dysrhythmias do what to the PR interval

A

make it absent

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20
Q

the bigger the dipole ….

A

the bigger the deflection in the direction of the electrode

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21
Q

what does V4 view

A

septum

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22
Q

which leads are enhanced by the EKG machine

A

augmented leads (because they’re usually so small)

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23
Q

what does more P waves than QRS complexes indicate

A

the impulse was initiated supraventricularly but was blocked and could not reach the ventricles

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24
Q

widespread abnormalities across the EKG suggests

A

a drug or electrolyte effect

25
Q

what does the V1 view

A

RV

26
Q

normal duration of the QT interval

A

0.36 to 0.44 seconds (9 to 11 small boxes

27
Q

the P wave represents

A

atrial depolarization

28
Q

S wave represents

A

impulse moving back up the heart wall, away from the apex; heads back towards lead 2

29
Q

which wave should you always have

A

T

30
Q

leads 1, aVL, V5, and V6 are associated with what aspect of the heart and what artery

A

lateral aspect (LV) and left circumflex artery

31
Q

what does V3 view

A

septum

32
Q

why is repolarization positive

A

(like a double negative) it is moving back towards the origin of lead 2 (so would normally be negative), but it is in the direction of a negative (not positive) charge

33
Q

a 2nd degree AV heart block does what to the PR interval

A

cause it to vary (gets progressively longer until 1 complex is dropped, then starts again)

34
Q

___ waves are produced when the atria rapidly fires at a rate of 250-350 bpm

A

flutter (F)

35
Q

Q wave represents

A

impulse slowly going outward through myocytes intraventricular septum

36
Q

the QRS complex represents

A

ventricular depolarization

37
Q

what can cause tall QRS complexes

A

hypertrophy of 1 or both ventricles, an abnormal pacemaker, an aberrantly conducted beat

38
Q

what is the normal duration of the QRS

A

0.06 to 0.12 seconds (1.5 to 3 small boxes)

39
Q

on ECG paper, 1 small box vertically =

A

1 mm or 0.5mV

40
Q

if the pt has atrial tachycardia and the T waves are peaked, notched, and large, what should you think

A

that the P wave is hidden in the T wave

41
Q

what does a normal P wave look like

A

0.06 to 0.1 seconds (1.5 to 2.5 small boxes), 0.5 to 2.5 mm (1 to 5 small boxes), upright and round

42
Q

a wandering atrial pacemaker is ____ irregular

A

slightly

43
Q

what what does the PR segment correlate with

A

impulse traveling through the AV node

44
Q

leads 2, 3, and aVF abnormalities suggests

A

ischemia/ infarct to the inferior region of the heart

45
Q

on ECG paper, 1 small box horizontally =

A

0.04 seconds

46
Q

a 1st degree AV heart block does what to the PR interval

A

lengthens it

47
Q

what does the aVR view

A

base of the heart (atria and great vessels)

48
Q

a-fib is ____ irregular

A

totally irregular aka irregularly irregular

49
Q

leads V1- V4 are associated with what aspect of the heart and what artery

A

anterior aspect and the left anterior descending artery (widow maker!)

50
Q

P wave amplitude greater than 2.5 mm suggests ___ and is called ___

A

RAE and is called P pulmonale

51
Q

a positive deflection indicates the impulse is moving ____ the lead vector, while a negative deflection indicates the impulse is moving ____ the lead vector

A

a positive deflection indicates the impulse is moving TOWARDS the lead vector, while a negative deflection indicates the impulse is moving AWAY the lead vector

52
Q

the T wave represents

A

ventricular repolarization

53
Q

PACs, wandering atrial pacemaker, and atrial tachycardia all have P wave impulses ___

A

that arise from the atria but NOT the SA node

54
Q

atrial repolarization is where?

A

hidden in the QRS wave

55
Q

___ waves are produced when the atria rapidly fires (from many sites) at a rate of MORE than 350 bpm

A

fibrillatory (f)

56
Q

leads 2, 3, and aVF are associated with what aspect of the heart and what artery

A

inferior aspect (RV) and right coronary artery

57
Q

which are the bipolar leads

A

limb leads 1, 2, 3

58
Q

as the HR slows, QT interval ___

A

increases

59
Q

what does the aVL view

A

lateral wall of LV

EKG (8 decks)

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