Basics Flashcards
where are b cells found in lymph nodes
follicle
germinal centres
where are t cells found in lymph nodes
paracortex
where are MO found in lymph nodes
medullary sinuses - commincate with efferent lymphatics
where are plasma cells found in lymph nodes
medullary cords
what part of a lymph node is underdeveloped in digeorge syndrome (not velocardiofacial syndrome)É
paracortex
splenic dysfunction makes susceptibility to what moos increase?
encapsulated
- strep pneumonia
- h influenza
- n meningities
- e coli
- salmonella
- klebsiella
- GBS
where are T cells found in the spllen?
periarteriolar lymphatic sheath in the white pulp of the spleen
where are B cells found in the spleen
follicles in the white matter
where are apcs found in the spleen?
marginal zone between the white and red matter
describe what you see post-splenectomy?
howell-joly bodies - nuclear remnants
target cells
thrombocytosis - no sequestration no destruction
lymphocytosis - no sequestration
where is the thymus derived from
third pharyngeal pouch
what is a Hassall corpuscle
containes epithelial reticular cells
found in medulla
Remember Dr G first term, first small group room
loci of MHC I
HLA-A
HLA-B
HLA-C
loci of MHC II
HLA-DR
HLA-DQ
HLA-DP
what type fo antigen does MHC I expresse
endogenous (viral and self)
what type of antigen does MHC II express?
exogenous (bacterial)
hotdog MHC - Dr Young imm second term KBT
MHC II - alpha and beta, two transmembrane, invariant chain. ag in RER
gyro MHC - Dr Young imm second term KBT
MHC II - alpha, b2 macroglobulin, one transmembrane, ag in acidified endosome (degrades invariant chain)
crosses epithelium by transcytosis
IgA
C reactive protein
positive/upregulated acute phase protein
opsonin; fixes complement and favilitates phagocytosis
Ferritin
positive/upregulated acute phase protein
binds and sequesters iron to inhibit microbial iron scavenging
Fibrinogen
positive/upregulated acute phase protein
coagulation factor; promotes endothelial repair; correlates with ESR
Hepcidin
positive/upregulated acute phase protein
prevents release of iron bound by ferritin - anaemia of chronic disease
what is elevated in anaemia of chronic disease
ferritin and hepcidin
serum amyloid A
positive/upregulated acute phase protein
prolonged elevation can lead to amyloidosis
albumin
negative/downregulated acute phase protein
reduction conserves amino acids for positive reactants
transferrin
negative/downregulated acute phase protein
internalized by macrophages to sequester iron
alternative pathway C3 convertase
C3bBb
alternative pathway c5 convertase
C3bBb3b
classic pathway c3 convertase
C4b2b
classic pathway c5 convertase
C4b2b3b
antigenic varation in bacteria
salmonella - 2 flaggelar variations
borrelia recurrentis - relapsing fever
n gonorhhoea - pilus protein
antigenic variation in viruses
influenza
HIV
HCV
antigenic variation in parasites
trypansomes
live attenuated vaccines
MMR varicella sabin polio yellow fever influenza - intranasal
inactivated/killed vaccines
rabies salk polio influenza - injected HAV RIP always
