Basics 2

Question 1

Asepsis

Answer 1

Condition free from germs, infection, or any form of life

Question 2

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer 2

United States Federal Agency under the Department of Health and Human Services concerned with the control and prevention of diseases

Question 3

What is Compounded sterile preparations (CSP)?

Answer 3

Medications prepared using sterile technique

Question 4

The Joint Commission

Answer 4

The shortened term for the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations; a nonprofit, private organization that evaluates medical facilities to ensure good patient care

Question 5

Normal flora

Answer 5

Bacteria that resides on the skin’s outer surface but does not cause disease

Question 6

What is the Parenteral route?

Answer 6

Any medication route other than the alimentary canal (digestion system)

Question 7

Pyrogen

Answer 7

Fever producing substance

Question 8

United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)

Answer 8

Nongovernmental, nonprofit public health organization that set standards for over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicines and other healthcare products in the United States; its main goal is to ensure public health

Question 9

USP<797>

Answer 9

Chapter in the USP concerning parenteral medications compounding and equipment endorsed by The Joint Commission and American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)

Question 10

Parenteral routes are commonly used when the patient can’t ____

Answer 10

Digest the medicine/consume it

Question 11

Patients receiving intravenous medications are often ____ and ____

Answer 11

hospitalized and immune compromised

Question 12

____’s germ theory in the early 1800s specified that bacteria caused diseases

Answer 12

Louis Pasteur’s

Question 13

In 1865, Sir Joseph Lister, a well-known surgeon, read a paper by Louis Pasteur and learned about the germ theory of disease. He stated that if infections were caused by microbes, the best way to prevent infections would be to kill the microbes before they ____

Answer 13

reached the open wound

Question 14

Sir Joseph Lister wrote about the use of carbolic acid in his work, ____

Answer 14

Antiseptic Principle of the Surgery Practice

Question 15

The use of sanitary dressings and instruments led to the development and use of disposable supplies, such as syringes, needles, and other intravenous supplies in the 19__s

Answer 15

1920s

Question 16

Sterile solutions and equipment became accepted in health care in the 19__s

Answer 16

1930s

Question 17

In the 19__s following a host of serious patient complications, the National Coordinating Committee on Large Volume Parenterals (NCCLVP) published the first set of recommendations for pharmacy and other healthcare professionals

Answer 17

1960s

Question 18

Aseptic technique is required when preparing any medication that enters the body through a parenteral or ophthalmic route. According to the USP<797>, these preparations may include compounded biologics, diagnostics, drugs, nutrients, ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 18

compounded biologics, diagnostics, drugs, nutrients, radiopharmaceuticals, eye preparations, and tissue implants.

Question 19

Antibiotic drugs are grouped together or classified based on their activity against gram-____ organisms, such as staphylococci or against gram-____ organisms, such as aminoglycosides activity against diplococci

Answer 19

gram-positive organisms or gram-negative organisms

Question 20

Chapter 797, which was written in 2004, was the first enforceable document to outline the practices associated with ____

Answer 20

sterile compounding

Question 21

The purpose of the USP<797> and ASHP guidelines is to describe ____ and ____ that prevent harm or even death to patients

Answer 21

practices and environmental conditions

Question 22

To achieve these standards, facilities must provide minimum practices and quality standards that include:

Answer 22

• Establishment of Policy and procedures for compounding
• Staff training and evaluation of competencies requirements per USP<797>
• Environmental facilities and air quality controls to ensure that sterile conditions are available for aseptic compounding
• Establishment of storage and beyond use dates for sterile products
• Hygiene procedures to include garb and handwashing.

Question 23

What is Escherichia coli?

Answer 23

A microorganism that is necessary in the digestive process in the colon

Question 24

What is Staphylococci?

Answer 24

a naturally occurring bacteria or type of normal flora present on our hands all the time.

Question 25

If you know a preparation has been contaminated, consult the pharmacist, and it should be ____ and ____ immediately. Even though the pharmacist may not see this action, it is still an error.

Answer 25

thrown away and redone

Question 26

As part of the USP<797> guidelines, there should be a quality control (QC) or quality assurance (QA) program in place to include validation of performance, preparations, and environmental controls. Each step of the process should be ____ and ____ regularly for improvement

Answer 26

recorded and evaluated

Question 27

Another important aspect of aseptic manipulations is the environment in which it must be performed. USP<797> designates the space or areas that compounding must take place, along with guidelines for temperature and air quality, cleaning, and proper equipment placement to prevent contamination of prepared sterile products. The designated area or room should be away from the flow of regular traffic and only authorized, trained personnel should be allowed. This space is separated into two areas, the ante room and the buffer room where the actual compounding takes place.

Answer 27

ante room and the buffer room