Basics 2 Flashcards
Asepsis
Condition free from germs, infection, or any form of life
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
United States Federal Agency under the Department of Health and Human Services concerned with the control and prevention of diseases
What is Compounded sterile preparations (CSP)?
Medications prepared using sterile technique
The Joint Commission
The shortened term for the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations; a nonprofit, private organization that evaluates medical facilities to ensure good patient care
Normal flora
Bacteria that resides on the skin’s outer surface but does not cause disease
What is the Parenteral route?
Any medication route other than the alimentary canal (digestion system)
Pyrogen
Fever producing substance
United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)
Nongovernmental, nonprofit public health organization that set standards for over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicines and other healthcare products in the United States; its main goal is to ensure public health
USP<797>
Chapter in the USP concerning parenteral medications compounding and equipment endorsed by The Joint Commission and American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)
Parenteral routes are commonly used when the patient can’t ____
Digest the medicine/consume it
Patients receiving intravenous medications are often ____ and ____
hospitalized and immune compromised
____’s germ theory in the early 1800s specified that bacteria caused diseases
Louis Pasteur’s
In 1865, Sir Joseph Lister, a well-known surgeon, read a paper by Louis Pasteur and learned about the germ theory of disease. He stated that if infections were caused by microbes, the best way to prevent infections would be to kill the microbes before they ____
reached the open wound
Sir Joseph Lister wrote about the use of carbolic acid in his work, ____
Antiseptic Principle of the Surgery Practice
The use of sanitary dressings and instruments led to the development and use of disposable supplies, such as syringes, needles, and other intravenous supplies in the 19__s
1920s
Sterile solutions and equipment became accepted in health care in the 19__s
1930s
In the 19__s following a host of serious patient complications, the National Coordinating Committee on Large Volume Parenterals (NCCLVP) published the first set of recommendations for pharmacy and other healthcare professionals
1960s
Aseptic technique is required when preparing any medication that enters the body through a parenteral or ophthalmic route. According to the USP<797>, these preparations may include compounded biologics, diagnostics, drugs, nutrients, ____, ____, and ____.
compounded biologics, diagnostics, drugs, nutrients, radiopharmaceuticals, eye preparations, and tissue implants.
Antibiotic drugs are grouped together or classified based on their activity against gram-____ organisms, such as staphylococci or against gram-____ organisms, such as aminoglycosides activity against diplococci
gram-positive organisms or gram-negative organisms
Chapter 797, which was written in 2004, was the first enforceable document to outline the practices associated with ____
sterile compounding
The purpose of the USP<797> and ASHP guidelines is to describe ____ and ____ that prevent harm or even death to patients
practices and environmental conditions
To achieve these standards, facilities must provide minimum practices and quality standards that include:
- Establishment of Policy and procedures for compounding
- Staff training and evaluation of competencies requirements per USP<797>
- Environmental facilities and air quality controls to ensure that sterile conditions are available for aseptic compounding
- Establishment of storage and beyond use dates for sterile products
- Hygiene procedures to include garb and handwashing.
What is Escherichia coli?
A microorganism that is necessary in the digestive process in the colon
What is Staphylococci?
a naturally occurring bacteria or type of normal flora present on our hands all the time.
If you know a preparation has been contaminated, consult the pharmacist, and it should be ____ and ____ immediately. Even though the pharmacist may not see this action, it is still an error.
thrown away and redone
As part of the USP<797> guidelines, there should be a quality control (QC) or quality assurance (QA) program in place to include validation of performance, preparations, and environmental controls. Each step of the process should be ____ and ____ regularly for improvement
recorded and evaluated
Another important aspect of aseptic manipulations is the environment in which it must be performed. USP<797> designates the space or areas that compounding must take place, along with guidelines for temperature and air quality, cleaning, and proper equipment placement to prevent contamination of prepared sterile products. The designated area or room should be away from the flow of regular traffic and only authorized, trained personnel should be allowed. This space is separated into two areas, the ante room and the buffer room where the actual compounding takes place.
ante room and the buffer room
