Basics

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Question 3

name the planes

Answer 3

Transverse
Sagittal
Coronal

Image: Coronal -> Sagittal -> Transverse/Axial

Question 4

Opposite of distal

Answer 4

proximal i.e. closer to the trunk

Question 5

opposite of medial

Answer 5

lateral (farther from the sagittal midline)

Question 6

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 6

Location: Joints ( articular)
* nose
* larynx
* trachea
* ribs

1. artıcualr cartılage (knee, elbow, shoulder)
2. costal cartilage = coinnecting the ribs to sternum
3. nasal cartilage
4. trachea, bronchi
5. fetal skeleton = eventually ossifies to form bone

Structure: dense matrix of collagen fibers(type 2) providing stregtnh and proteoglycans (retaınıng water) contrıbutıng to flexıbılıty, most common

Function: smooth surface for joint movement + important in the growth and development of bones

smooth, glassy, bluish, translucent

Question 7

Fibrocartilage

Answer 7

Location: in areas subjected to high pressure + tension
* intervertebral discs
* menisci of the knee - stabilises the knee joint
* pubic symphysis - providing stability while allowing limited movement
* TMJ, temporomandibular joint - jaw joint, aiding in movement and function

Structure: dense network of collagen fibers(type 1) = tough + durable + contains more collagen fibers than hyaline cartilage making it more rigid and less flexible

Function: provides strength + support, absorbing shock and resisting compression

dense, tough , white

Question 8

Elastic cartilage

Answer 8

Location: ear (auricle) + epiglottis + parts of larynx(containing vocal cords, used for breathing, swalloing, talking)

Structure: contains elastic fibers ++ collagen fibers
Function: provides flexibility and shape retention, allowing structures to retrun to their original forms after bending and stretching

yellowish, more flexible, elastic

Question 9

Articular cartilage

Answer 9

Covers the ends of long bones in synovial joints (knee, elbow, shoulder)

Question 10

inguinal region = groin

Answer 10

area adjoining the junctional crease between the front of the thigh and the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 11

perineum

Answer 11

thin layer of skin bn your genitals (vaginal opening or scrotum) and anus

Question 12

opposite of supine

Answer 12

prone

Question 13

synonym for inferior

Answer 13

caudal

Question 14

opposite of superficial

Answer 14

deep

Question 15

synonym of anterior

Answer 15

ventral

Question 16

synonym of posterior

Answer 16

dorsal

Question 17

opposite of inferior

Answer 17

superior = cranial = rostral

Question 18

DORSAL SURFACES
- posterior surface of wrist
- posterior surface of hand
- superior surface of tongue
- superior surface of foot

Answer 18

Question 19

Anterior surface of wrist is called

Answer 19

Volar

Question 20

anterior surface of hand is called

Answer 20

palmar

Question 21

inferiro surface of tongue is called

Answer 21

ventral

Question 22

inferior surface of foot is called

Answer 22

plantar

Question 23

largest muscle of the anterior chest wall

Answer 23

pectoralis major

Question 24

flexion

Answer 24

when the angle bn the bones at a joint decreases

Question 25

extension

Answer 25

when the nagle bn the bones at a joing increases

Question 26

circumduction

Answer 26

circular motion at a joint

Question 27

eversion of the foot ## Footnote sole of foot rotates away from the median plane such that sole faces laterally

Answer 27

Question 28

inversion of the foot ## Footnote sole of foot rotates towards the median plane such that the sole faces medially

Answer 28

Question 29

dorsiflexion of the foot

Answer 29

Question 30

plantarflexion of the foot

Answer 30

Question 31

movement terms applied to the hand * flexion/extension of wrist * extension, flexion of digits * opposition of digits * reposition of digits * proination and supination of palm * abduction of sigits, adduciton

Answer 31

Question 32

movement specific to thumb - all in comparison to the PALM * abduction * adduction * extension * flexion * opposition * reposition

Answer 32

Question 33

protraction

Answer 33

anterior movement of shoulder

Question 34

retraction

Answer 34

posterior movement of shoulder

Question 35

Cranial fossae (convex/ or concave?)

Answer 35

concavities

Question 36

ANTERIOR surface of the sternum is SUPERFICIAL or DEEP??? to the POSTERIOR surface of the sternum

Answer 36

SUPERFICIAL

Question 37

The ANTERIOR surface of the vertebra is SUPERFICIAL or DEEP?? to the posterior surface of the vertebra?

Answer 37

DEEP

Question 38

Mandibular ramus - location ## Footnote Ramus = branch

Answer 38

vertical part fo the mandible

Question 39

what is this long bone?

Answer 39

HUmerus

Question 40

# location + function spleen

Question 41

# organs located within the ribcage surface projections of the organs of the trunk

Answer 41