Basics Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
name the planes
Transverse
Sagittal
Coronal
Image: Coronal -> Sagittal -> Transverse/Axial
Opposite of distal
proximal i.e. closer to the trunk
opposite of medial
lateral (farther from the sagittal midline)
Hyaline cartilage
Location: Joints ( articular)
* nose
* larynx
* trachea
* ribs
- artıcualr cartılage (knee, elbow, shoulder)
- costal cartilage = coinnecting the ribs to sternum
- nasal cartilage
- trachea, bronchi
- fetal skeleton = eventually ossifies to form bone
Structure: dense matrix of collagen fibers(type 2) providing stregtnh and proteoglycans (retaınıng water) contrıbutıng to flexıbılıty, most common
Function: smooth surface for joint movement + important in the growth and development of bones
smooth, glassy, bluish, translucent
Fibrocartilage
Location: in areas subjected to high pressure + tension
* intervertebral discs
* menisci of the knee - stabilises the knee joint
* pubic symphysis - providing stability while allowing limited movement
* TMJ, temporomandibular joint - jaw joint, aiding in movement and function
Structure: dense network of collagen fibers(type 1) = tough + durable + contains more collagen fibers than hyaline cartilage making it more rigid and less flexible
Function: provides strength + support, absorbing shock and resisting compression
dense, tough , white
Elastic cartilage
Location: ear (auricle) + epiglottis + parts of larynx(containing vocal cords, used for breathing, swalloing, talking)
Structure: contains elastic fibers ++ collagen fibers
Function: provides flexibility and shape retention, allowing structures to retrun to their original forms after bending and stretching
yellowish, more flexible, elastic
Articular cartilage
Covers the ends of long bones in synovial joints (knee, elbow, shoulder)
inguinal region = groin
area adjoining the junctional crease between the front of the thigh and the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall.
perineum
thin layer of skin bn your genitals (vaginal opening or scrotum) and anus
opposite of supine
prone
synonym for inferior
caudal
opposite of superficial
deep
synonym of anterior
ventral
synonym of posterior
dorsal
opposite of inferior
superior = cranial = rostral
DORSAL SURFACES
- posterior surface of wrist
- posterior surface of hand
- superior surface of tongue
- superior surface of foot
Anterior surface of wrist is called
Volar
anterior surface of hand is called
palmar
inferiro surface of tongue is called
ventral
inferior surface of foot is called
plantar
largest muscle of the anterior chest wall
pectoralis major
flexion
when the angle bn the bones at a joint decreases
extension
when the nagle bn the bones at a joing increases
circumduction
circular motion at a joint
eversion of the foot
sole of foot rotates away from the median plane such that sole faces laterally
inversion of the foot
sole of foot rotates towards the median plane such that the sole faces medially
dorsiflexion of the foot
plantarflexion of the foot
movement terms applied to the hand
* flexion/extension of wrist
* extension, flexion of digits
* opposition of digits
* reposition of digits
* proination and supination of palm
* abduction of sigits, adduciton
movement specific to thumb - all in comparison to the PALM
* abduction
* adduction
* extension
* flexion
* opposition
* reposition
protraction
anterior movement of shoulder
retraction
posterior movement of shoulder
Cranial fossae (convex/ or concave?)
concavities
ANTERIOR surface of the sternum is SUPERFICIAL or DEEP??? to the POSTERIOR surface of the sternum
SUPERFICIAL
The ANTERIOR surface of the vertebra is SUPERFICIAL or DEEP?? to the posterior surface of the vertebra?
DEEP
Mandibular ramus - location
Ramus = branch
vertical part fo the mandible
what is this long bone?
HUmerus
location + function
spleen
organs located within the ribcage
surface projections of the organs of the trunk
