basics Flashcards
I have
Aku punya…
I am [noun/verb]
Aku [noun/verb]
in my opinion
menurutku
- “Menurutku enak” (I think it’s tasty)
- “Menurutku gak bagus” (I don’t think it’s good)
It is
Itu ….
There are
Ada …
Only
Cuma (casual) / Hanya
To
Ke
From
Dari
Better (than)
X lebih baik dari Y
Best
Terbaik
Seriously?
Serius?
No problem!
Tidak masalah
Wait!
Tunggu
Of course!
Tentu saja!
I agree!
Saya setuju
That’s great/wonderful/amazing!
Itu bagus sekali!
What a pity/shame!
Sayang sekali
May I?
Bolehkah saya?
Where?
Di mana?
When?
Kapan?
Who?
Siapa?
What?
Apa?
Why?
Kenapa?
Which one?
Yang mana?
How?
Gimana? (casual) / Bagaimana?
How much?
Berapa?
How many?
Berapa banyak?
How do you say…in…?
Most natural ways:
- “Bahasa Indonesianya apa?” (What’s the Indonesian word?)
- “Dalam bahasa Indonesia apa?” (What is it in Indonesian?)
When pointing at something:
- “Ini apa bahasa Indonesianya?” (What’s this in Indonesian?)
- “Ini namanya apa?” (What’s this called?)
For English words:
- “‘Apple’ bahasa Indonesianya apa?” (How do you say ‘apple’ in Indonesian?)
- “‘Beautiful’ dalam bahasa Indonesia apa?” (What’s ‘beautiful’ in Indonesian?)
too [adjective]
terlalu [adjective]
‘Enough’
Cukup
Example: ‘I have enough money.’
but
tapi
Example: ‘I like tea, but I prefer coffee.’
So/Therefore
Jadi
“Aku capek, jadi aku tidur lebih awal.”
(“I’m tired, so I slept earlier.”)
Because
Karena
Example: ‘I left early because I was tired.’
With
dengan / sama (more colloquial)
Lots/a lot of/many
banyak
Few/not many
Sedikit
Example: ‘There are few options available.’
it’s okay/it’s fine/no problem
tidak apa apa
is it XXX?
apakah itu XXX?
THING
benda/barang
Home
rumah
Town
kota
City
kota
Country
negara
Place
tempat
Room
ruang
Work
kerja
Person
Orang
Man
Pria
Woman
Wanita
Child
Anak
Family
Keluarga
Book
Buku
Money
uang
together
bersama
I think so
Kayaknya sih
can you…
bisakah kamu….
finish
abis
until/to the point that
Sampai
- Saya bekerja sampai malam (I work until night)
- Dia tertawa sampai menangis (He laughed until he cried)
also
juga
“Aku juga” (Me too)
“Dia juga sakit” (They’re also sick)
“Aku suka kopi, dan suka teh juga”
apparently/seems like/it turns out
rupanya
- “Rupanya dia sudah menikah” (It turns out they’re already married)
- “Oh, rupanya kamu di sini” (Oh, so this is where you are/turns out you’re here)
- “Rupanya akan hujan” (Seems like it’s going to rain)
- “Rupanya dia tidak suka kopi” (It seems they don’t like coffee)
by myself/yourself/themselves (eqv of kaki in teochew)
sendiri
e.g., Aku bisa sendiri - I can do it myself
i will…
saya akan…
almost
hampir
maybe
mungkin
turn around
putar balik
first/previously/for now
Dulu
- First/beforehand (before doing something else)
- For now/temporarily (stopping something for the time being)
- In the past/previously (referring to former times)
Examples:
- “Makan dulu” (Eat first)
- Itu saja dulu (That’s all for now)
- “Sampai di sini dulu” (Let’s stop here for now)
If (conditional)
Kalo / Kalau (more polite)
- “Kalau mau pergi, bilang ya” (If you want to go, let me know)
- “Kalo capek, tidur aja” (If you’re tired, just sleep)
- Kalo kamu lapar, makan saja (If you’re hungry just eat)
That’s all
Sudah, itu saja
“itu saja dulu” for that’s all for now
need to [do something]
perlu
must/have to
harus
like/similar to
seperti / kaya (more colloquial)
“Rasanya seperti coklat” it tastes like chocolate
“Jangan kaya gitu” Don’t be like that
“Dia ngomong kaya anak kecil” He talks like a child
then/next
lalu
“says makan, lalu tidur” i ate then slept
anywhere/everywhere
di mana-mana
something
sesuatu
- “Kamu mau sesuatu?” Do you want something
- “Gak ada apa apa” There’s nothing
don’t need /not necessary
tidak usah (more casual) / tidak perlu
I wonder if / maybe
kira-kira
“Kira-kira dia datang tidak ya?” I wonder if he will come
“Kira-kira dia suka hadiah ini?” I wonder if he will like this gift
“What do you think”/ introducing a speculative question
“Kira-kira apa yang terjadi nanti?” What do you think might happen later?
“Kira-kira menurutmu bagaimana?” What do you think about this?
merely; just (with emphasis on limitation or minimal extent)
sekedar (sekadar)
Used to emphasize that something is done without serious intention, dept
- Saya sekedar mengingatkan. (I’m merely reminding you.)
- Ini sekedar informasi tambahan. (This is just additional information.)
- Mereka sekedar teman, bukan pasangan. (They’re merely friends, not a couple.)
- Jangan sekedar membaca, pahami juga isinya. (Don’t just read it, understand the content too.)
just; only (general modifier without implying limitation)
saja
A more neutral particle that indicates exclusivity or simplicity.
- Tunggu saja di sini. (Just wait here.)
- Beli yang ini saja. (Just buy this one.)
- Dia makan nasi saja. (He’s eating only rice.)
- Bicara pelan saja. (Just speak softly.)
besides; apart from; other than; except for
selain
- Selain nasi, dia juga suka mie. (Besides rice, he also likes noodles.)
- Selain bekerja, dia juga kuliah. (Apart from working, he’s also studying in university.)
- Selain hari Minggu, toko buka setiap hari. (Except for Sunday, the shop is open every day.)
- Apa yang kamu suka selain musik? (What do you like other than music?)
- Selain mahal, barangnya juga tidak bagus. (Besides being expensive, the item is also not good.)
- Selain itu, kita juga perlu mempertimbangkan biayanya. (Besides that, we also need to consider the cost.)
Should (recommendation or advice)
Sebaiknya
- Kamu sebaiknya istirahat kalau sakit. (You should rest if you’re sick.)
- Sebaiknya kita berangkat pagi-pagi. (We should leave early in the morning.)
- Dia sebaiknya belajar lebih giat. (He should study harder.)
Together (in a casual context)
Bareng
- Makan bareng yuk! (Let’s eat together!)
- Kita nonton film bareng besok. (We’re watching a movie together tomorrow.)
- Mereka pergi ke mall bareng. (They went to the mall together.)
We (inclusive - includes the listener)
Kita
- Kita harus segera pergi. (We [including you] must leave soon.)
- Apa rencana kita untuk akhir pekan? (What are our [including your] plans for the weekend?)
- Kita pernah ketemu sebelumnya. (We [you and I] have met before.)
We (exclusive - excludes the listener)
Kami
- Kami akan pergi ke pantai besok. (We [not including you] will go to the beach tomorrow.)
- Kami tinggal di Jakarta. (We [not including you] live in Jakarta.)
- Kami sudah menunggu sejak tadi. (We [not including you] have been waiting for a while.)
Like that
Gitu
for things others have done or shown (that way)
- Jangan gitu dong! (Don’t be like that!)
- Oh, gitu ya? (Oh, is that so?)
- Kalau gitu, kita pergi sekarang. (If that’s the case, let’s go now.)
- Caranya gitu? (Is that how you do it?)
- Ya udah, gitu aja. (Alright, just like that then.)
Like this
Gini
for things you’re doing or showing (this way)
- “Caranya gini…” (The method is like this…) [while demonstrating]
- “Maksud saya gini…” (What I mean is this…) [explaining your own point]
- “Kalau kamu pegang gini lebih enak.” (If you hold it this way, it’s better.)
although / even though
Meskipun (formal), Walaupun (less formal), Biarpun (casual)
- Meskipun hujan, dia tetap pergi. (Although it was raining, he/she still went.)
- Walaupun mahal, aku tetap beli. (Even though it’s expensive, I still bought it.)
- Biarpun capek, kita harus selesaikan ini. (Even though we’re tired, we have to finish this.)
- Dia tetap senyum meskipun sedih. (He/she still smiled although sad.)
- Biarpun telat, datang aja dulu. (Even though you’re late, just come anyway.)
according to / said by
kata dia
- Kata dia, filmnya bagus
- Kata ibu, makan dulu
- Katanya besok hujan (he/she/they said it will rain tomorrow)
