Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2 Biomechanics > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Kinematics

A

describes motion of the body without regard to forces or torques that cause motion. Position, velocity, acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kinetics

A

describes the effects of forces on torques on the body
forces, torques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Linear force

A

translation
all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every other part of that body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Angular force

A

rotation
rigid body moves on a circular path around an axis of rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Osteokinematics

A

describes the motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes of body (sagittal, frontal, transverse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

describes motion that occurs between the articular surfaces of the joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Degrees of Freedom

A

how many directions does a join move, max is 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Closed pack position

A

think stability
position of maximal joint congruency
capsule and supporting ligaments are maximally tight
accessory motion or joint play is minimized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Loose packed psoition

A

position with less joint congruency
capsule and supporting ligaments are lax
accessory motion or joint play is greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stress

A

Force/area
greater forces or smaller areas = higher stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Strain

A

change in length/original length
greater change in length = more strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Toe region of stress/strain curve

A

collagen fibers crimpled, not taut
beginning of graph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Elastic region of stress/strain curve

A

stress and strain are linear, change in tissue length is proportional to applied force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plastic region of stress/strain curve

A

tissue elongated beyon physiological range, tissue is permanently deformed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ultimate Failure of stress/strain curve

A

tiny point in plastic region
tissue partly or completely separates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stiffness of stress/strain curve

A

Stress/strain = slope of line (y/x)
extent to which a body resists deformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Viscoelasticity of stress/strain curve

A

over time tissues may deform with sustained stress
Creep = constant stress, objects experience time dependent increases in strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rate of stress/strain

A

tissues become stiffer when load applied quickly
protective mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Active tension

A

depends on number of cross-bridges
ideal muscle length to maximize force generation is generally MID LENGTH/MID LENGTH OF SARCOMERES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Passive tension

A

when both types of elastic components are stretched, passive tension builds

titin makes up most of passive early on
tendon and mysiums contribute later

examples: achilles during walking, subscap during pitching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Series-elastic

A

attached in an end to end chain, with active elements
tendon, titin, in line with active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Parallel elastic

A

surround active elements
epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How would you measure muscle force as a clinician?

A

you cannot directly measure msucle force OR tension
you can’t place a transducer in the muscle.tendon
you can only measure NET RESULT of muscular contraction with dynamometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F: You can measure muscle force with EMG

A

False, you measure muscle electrical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
T/F you can determine the type of muscle contraction with EMG
False. you can measure msucle activity amplitude = peak, average or muscle timing = onset, offset, duration
26
Movement artifact
movement of sensor relative to the skin, can create sharp transient spikes. EMG is limited by stabilization, consistent effort, multiple extensors
27
Force
push or pull that results from physical contact between objects, or any action that may change the state of rest or state of motion of the object
28
Tension
opposing forces, pulling, attempt to elongate body
29
Compression
opposing forces, pushing, attempt to shorten body
30
Bending
opposing torques at opposite ends of fixed body attempting to curve it
31
Shear
adjacent but not directly opposite forces (pushing or pulling)
32
Torsion
opposing torques attempt to twist body
33
External Forces
acting outside the system, or outside the body. GRF, gravity, external load
34
Internal Forces
acting inside the system muscle contractile forces (active), soft tissue tensile forces (passive), bony contact forces (passive)
35
Newton's 3rd law
for every action (force) there is a reaction/opposing force of equal magnitude but in opposite direction
36
Fusiform
muscle fibers run parallel to one another, to a central tendon. Biceps or triceps
37
Pennate
fibers approach central tendon obliquely. may be unipennate, bi, multi
38
Pennation angle
angle between the muscle fibers and tendon Greater angle = less force delivered to tendon but oblique orientation = more muscle fibers pennate can produce more force
39
Physiologic Cross-Sectional Area
area of the cross section of a muscle perpendicular to its fibers, generally at its largest point larger in pennate muscles given oblique orientation
40
Concentric
muscle shortens as it contracts, internal torque exceeds external torque
41
Eccentric
muscle lengthens as it contracts, external torque exceeds internal torque
42
Isometric
muscle does not change length as it contracts, torques equal each other
43
Force-velocity
Concentric: Force and velocity are inversely related; the slower the velocity, the more force you can produce eccentric: the faster you move, the more force you can produce.
44
Newton's 2nd law
F=ma if there is a net force acting on an object, it will produce an acceleration in the direction of the force, directly proportional to the force
45
Newton's 1st law
an object will remain at rest or continue moving at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force
46
Scalar
quantities that have magnitude only distance, speed, length, time, temp
47
Vector
quantities that have magnitude and direction force, displacement, velocity
48
Force through COR
translation
49
Force not through COR
rotation, translation
50
Torque/moment/moment of force
the turning or rotation effect produced by a force force applied about an axis of rotation, causes a torque, causes rotation.
51
Force couple
2 equal and opposite forces at equal distance from COR = rotation only
52
Torque
Force x moment arm
53
Free body diagram steps
define coordinate system draw body of interest define COR draw each force vector draw MA
54
Moment arm always
goes through COR is perpendicular to force vector
55
Joint reaction force
force generate at the joint in response to forces acting on the joint always goes through COR, doesn't create torque
56
FIrst class lever
Joint is inbetween muscle (internal force) and weight (external force) can be mechanical advantage or disadvantage
57
Second class lever
the external force (weight) is located between the internal force (muscle) and axis of rotation mechanical advantage
58
Third class lever
The internal force (muscle) is located between the external force (weight) and the axis of rotation mechanical disadvantage
59
Mechanical advantage
internal moment arm / external moment arm
60
Potential force production is highest during which type of motion?
Eccentric

2 Biomechanics (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions