Basics

Question 1

Bioequivalence

Answer 1

Comparable bioavailability resulting in similar clinical effectiveness

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics steps

Answer 2

A - absorption
D - distribution
M - metabolism
E - elimination

Question 3

Major elimination pathways

Answer 3

Renal
Digestive
Skin
Breathing

Question 4

Primary and secondary plant metabolites

Answer 4

Primary - needed to maintain plant life; carbs, lipids, proteins.

Secondary - not needed to sustain plant life, developed in response to environment; active constituents (oils, alkaloids, etc)

Question 5

Pharmacological term meaning to increase activity of enzyme or transporter

Answer 5

Induction

Question 6

Gas chromatography

Answer 6

Quantifying concentration of substance

- best used to measure volatile oils

Question 7

Qualitative analytical methods

Answer 7

Organoleptic

TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography)

Question 8

Quantitative analytical methods

Answer 8

Gas chromatography

HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)

Question 9

Good Manufacturing Practice

Answer 9

Validated equipment and systems, detailed records of each stage of manufacturing, control of environment, air, water, materials

Question 10

Standardisation

Answer 10

Fixed amount of active constituent

Question 11

Synergy

Answer 11

Greater than the sum of the parts

Plants complimenting/enhancing each other