- Part of cytoskeleton - Formed from microtubules connecting the chromosomes to the centromere

Basic Tissues and Body Membranes Flashcards by Claire Groff

3 basic cell compartments

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Plasma membrane

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Ribosomes are made of…

2 subunits of RNA and proteins

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Ribosome function

Synthesizes proteins

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Ribosomes are located

Free in the cytoplasm
Intracellular membranes

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Polysomes

Free ribosomes in cytoplasm

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Free ribosomes called polysomes do not have…

A membrane

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Polysome function

Synthesize proteins for use
inside the cell

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Membrane ribosomes are located…

On fold of membranes called rough endoplasmic reticulum

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Membrane ribosome function

Synthesize protein for secretion outside of the cell and for plasma membrane

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What is continuous with the rough ER

Outer membrane (cytoplasmic surface) of the nuclear envelope

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not associated with…

Ribosomes on it’s membranes

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions

Lipid metabolism
Synthesizes steroids
No ribosomes

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Golgi apparatus functions

Packages proteins into secretory vesicles (granules)

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What is the golgi apparatus composed of?

flattened membrane sacs and spheres called vesicles

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The Golgi apparatus appears as….

A pale area on the apical side of the nucleus

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What are the steps to excrete a protein?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Secretory vesicles
Plasma membrane

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Lysosomes

Membrane spheres in cytoplasm that are filled with degradative enzymes

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Lysosomes functions

Combine with and digest old/worn-out cellular components and foreign material taken into the cell (phagocytosis)

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Mitochondria had how many membranes?

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What does the inner membrane of the mitochondria form? Why?

Cristae, to increase surface area

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Mitochondria function

Generate ATP for energy

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Cytoskeleton composiiton

Filaments: Solid rods
Microtubules: Hollow tubes

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Cytoskeleton functions

Cell support
Movement, muscle contraction
Intracellular transport

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Spindle apparatus

Part of cytoskeleton
Formed from microtubules connecting the chromosomes to the centromere

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Lipids

Store source of energy and a good insulator

Steroids

Signaling

What do lipids look like on samples? Why?

Empty space from dehydration step

What are the two tissue components?

- Cells, functional component - Extracellular matrix

Extracellular matrix contains...

- Fibers: Collagen, reticular, eleastic - Ground substance - Signaling molecules

Ground substances

Substance outside the cell that doesn’t have a specific morphology

Extracellular matrix function

Structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells

Epithelial tissue cell density

Many, densely packed cells

Epithelial tissue extracellular matrix

Very little ECM

Epithelial tissue functions

Lines all body surfaces

Epithelial tissue classification types are based on

Number of layer shape of cells

Connective tissue cell density

Spread out cells

Connective tissue extracellular matrix

Lots of ECM

Connective tissue function

Support, protection, and connective

Connective tissue classification type

Connective tissue proper, blood, cartilage, bone, etc.

Muscle tissue cell density

Many cells

Muscle tissue extracellular matrix

Little ECM

Muscle tissue function

Contraction

Muscle tissue classification type

Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal

Nervous tissue cell density

Many cells

Nervous tissue extracellular matrix

Little ECM

Nervous tissue function

Information processing and transduction

Nervous tissue classification types

CNS PNS

Serous membranes location

Lines body cavities not open to exterior

Serous membranes composition/layers

Simple epithelium and connective tissue

Serous membranes functions

Lubrication for less friction during organ movement

Mucous membranes location

Lines hollow organs opening to exterior

Mucous membranes composition/layers

Epithelium, lamina propria, and sometimes muscular mucosal

Mucous membranes function

Secretion, protection, absorption

Cutaneous membrane location

Lines external surfaces of body

Cutaneous membrane composition/layers

Epidermis and dermis

Cutaneous membrane function

Protection

Simple epithelium

Single layer

Stratified epithelium

Multilayered

Flattened epithelial cells

Squamous

Cubed shape epithelial cells

Cuboidal

Column shaped epithelial cells

Columnar

Blood

Specialized connective tissue

Bone

Supportive connective tissue

Cartilage

Supportive connective tissue

Dentin

Supportive connective tissue

Examples of serous membranes

Pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, peritoneal cavity

What membrane has hair?

Cutaneous membrane

What structures are located in the dermis of the cutaneous membrane

Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

Dermis is what kind of tissue?

Connective tissue