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Dermatology - My Cards > Basic Skin Immunology > Flashcards

Basic Skin Immunology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What about the structure of skin contributes to skin as an immunological system?

A

Keratin layer (stratum corneum)

Stratification

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2
Q

What about the cell types of skin contributes to skin as an immunological system?

A

Immune system cells

Keratinocytes

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3
Q

Which chemical signals/molecu;es influence cell beahaviour in the skin and help target pathogens?

A

Cytokines

Chemokines

Eicosanoids

Antimicrobial Peptides

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4
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

The keratin layer of the skin

tough, lipid rich, physical barrier
(formed by the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes to corneoctes)

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5
Q

Which important structural portiens are found in the kerait layer and epidermis of the skin?

A

Filaggrin, Involucrin, keratin

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6
Q

What are AMPs?

A

Antimicrobial Peptides

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7
Q

What do Keratinocytes (KCs) produce that can directly kill pathogens?

A

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)

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8
Q

What type of peptides have been found in high levels in skin of patients with psoriasis?

A

AMPs

antimicrobial peptides

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9
Q

What can keratinocytes be activated by?

A

UV (sunlight)

Sensitizers (e.g. allergic contact dermatitis)

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10
Q

What do keratinocytes (KCs) produces that recruit and regulate cells of the adaptive and innate immune system?
(e.g. in psoriasis)

A

Cytokines and chemokines

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11
Q

What do the cytokines and chemokines produced by the keratinocytes do?

A

Recruit and regulate cells of the adaptive and innate immune system (e.g. in psoriasis)

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12
Q

What type of cells are Langerhans cells foudn in the epidermis?

A

A type of dendritic cell
(interspersed with keratinocytes in the epidermis)

Main skin resident immune cell

Antigen presenting cells (APC), characterised by the Birbeck granule

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13
Q

What do Langerhans cells do in the epidermis?

A

They act as guarda in the epidermis

They process lipid Ag and microbial fragments and present to effector T cells

They help to activate T cells

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14
Q

What main type of T cells are found in the epidermis?

A

Mainly CD8+ T cells are found in the epidermis

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15
Q

What type of T cells are found in the dermis?

A

CD4 + and CD8+ T cells are found in the dermis

Other subsets of T cells (eg. Natural Killer (NK) cells) are also found

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16
Q

Which CD4+ TH cells are associated with psoriasis? (2)

A

TH1

TH17

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17
Q

Which CD4+ TH cells are associated with atopic dermatitis? (2)

A

TH2

TH17

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18
Q

Where are T cells produced?

A

In Bone Marrow

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19
Q

Where are T cells sesitised?

A

Thymus

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20
Q

What happens (T cells) in bone marrow.

A

T cells are produced in bone marrow

21
Q

What happens to T cells in the thymus?

A

T cells are sensitised in thymus

22
Q

What cells are the basis of cell-mediateed immunity?

A

T cells

23
Q

Helper T cells= CD__ cells

TH

A

CD4+ cells

24
Q

Cytoxic T cells = CD__ cells

A

CD8+ cells.

25
Q

The T helper cells assist other cells of the ______ system to carry our their roles buy the realease of chemical mediators including substances such as _________ and _________.

A

The T helper cells assist other cells of the immune system to carry our their roles buy the realease of chemical mediators including substances such as interferons and interleukins.

26
Q

What are the roles of the cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)?

A

Can kill infected cells directly

Important protection against viruses and cancer

27
Q

What is the role of TH1 cells?

A

Activate macrophages to destroy microorganisms

IL2, IFNgamma

28
Q

What is the role of Th2 cells?

A

Hep B cells to make Antibodies

IL4, IL5, IL6

29
Q

What do Dermal Dendritic Cells, found in the dermis do?

A

Involved in Antigen presenting and secreting cytokines/chemokines

30
Q

What do plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDC) produce?

A

IFNα (Found in diseased skin)

31
Q

What do dendritic cells do in the dermis in terms of sntigen presentation?

A

Transmit information to T (&B) cells

32
Q

What type of immune response are mast cells effecotrs of?

A

IgE-mediated immune response (allergy)

33
Q

What is a MHC?

A

Major Histocombatibility Complex

34
Q

What are the two forms of MHC?

A

Class I
Found on almost all cells
Present Antigen cytotoxic T cells

Class II
Found on Anitgen presenting Cells (B cells, macrophages)
Presnt exogenous Ag

35
Q

What is the MHC involved in?

A

Immunological recognition and trnsplant rejection

Control the immune response through recognition of “self” and “non-self”

36
Q

What are pDC?

A

plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

37
Q

In psoriasis, what happens when KC under stress?

A

release factors that stimulate pDC to produce IFNα

release IL-1β/IL-6 and TNF

38
Q

In psoriasis, what happens when chemical signals activate DC?

A

DCs migrate to skin draining lymph node to present to and activate T cells
(TH1 and Th17)

39
Q

In psoriasis, T cells are attracted to the dermis by ______ and secrete ______.

Stimulates: (3)

A

In psoriasis, T cells are attracted to the dermis by chemokines and secrete IL-17A/17F/22

Simulates KC proliferation,
AMP release
and nuetrophil-attracting chemokines..

40
Q

Mutations in which gene are assoiate with sever/onset atopic eczema?

A

Filagrin gene

41
Q

AMP is increased/decreased in skin of person with stopic eczema.

A

AMP is decreased in skin of person with stopic eczema.

42
Q

Type II and type III hypersensitivity are mediated by which antibodies?

A

IgG and IgM

43
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by which cells?

A

TH1 cells

44
Q

In type IV hypersensitivity, when does reaction peak?

A

24-48 hours after contact with allergen

45
Q

What are the non-immune cells in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

46
Q

What are the immune cells in the epidermis?

A

Langerhans Cells

T cells (especially CD8+)

47
Q

What layer of the skin are melanocytes found in?

A

Epidermis

48
Q

What are the immune cells in the dermis?

A

Dendritic cells

Macrophages

T Cells (CD4+ & CD8+)

Natural Killer Cells

49
Q

What cells (other than the immune cells) are found in the dermis?

A

Fibroblasts

Lymph/vasculature (transport/access)

Dermatology - My Cards (6 decks)

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