Basic Sentence Practice 4 Flashcards
Use this deck to learn about basic Latin prepositions, essential adjectives, and more!
Translate to Latin.
The farmer is in the forest.
Agricola in silvā.
in, on - in. Note that silvā is in the Ablative case. This construction is called the Ablative of Place Where – it is used to describe where an action takes place or where a thing is. Think: “Where is the farmer? He is in the forest.”
The Ablative of Place Where takes the preposition in.
Translate to Latin.
I wanted to see a horse in the field.
Vidēre equum in ager voluī.
field - ager, agrī (masculine). Note that this noun ends in -er in the Nominative. This is another kind of second declension noun. Be careful with the Genitive case of -er nouns: sometimes, the -e- is dropped, like with ager.
Translate to Latin.
A man and a goat are in the field.
Vir caperque in agrō sunt.
man - vir, virī (masculine). To remember this word, think about a modern English derivative: virile (meaning “manly”).
What is the Ablative of Place from Which, and what prepositions can you use to form it?
The Ablative of Place from Which is used to show where something is coming from.
ab / ā
“from”
ex / ē
“out of”
dē
“down from”
Translate to Latin.
A man walks from the field.
Vir dē agrō ambulat.
from, down from - dē.
Translate to Latin.
Sailors fight away from the land.
Nautae pugnant ā terrā.
from, away from - ā, ab.
What are the third declension masculine and feminine noun endings?
Translate to Latin.
The queen loves the king.
Rēgīna rēgem amat.
king - rēx, rēgis (masculine). Note that this is a third declension noun. The third declension is by far the largest of the five, and also has the most variable forms. Most nouns in the third declension do follow one of numerous patterns for their endings, however. This one follows the pattern -x, -gis.
Translate to Latin.
The king’s courage is great.
Virtūs rēgis magna est.
courage - virtūs, virtūtis (feminine).
Be careful, this word can be tricky: It is derived from vir, “man,” but the word itself is feminine (note that magna agrees with it because it ends in -a). Also remember that there is a macron on the u, so it is not a second declension noun.
What are the third declension neuter noun endings?
Translate to Latin.
His head is big.
Caput suum magnum est.
head - caput, capitis (neuter). Note that this is a third declension noun that follows the pattern -ut, -itis, which is usually neuter.
How do you form the Accusative of Place to Which?
ad + Accusative form of destination
Translate to Latin.
The woman walked (up) to the queen.
Fēmina ad rēgīnam ambulat.
to walk - ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus. Note that because the queen is not the indirect object of ambulat, but rather the destination, the Accusative of Place to Which is used.
Translate to Latin.
The farmer goes to the field.
Agricola ad agrum it.
Translate to Latin.
The queen readies weapons for the farmers.
Rēgīna agricolīs arma parat.
weapons - arma, armōrum (neuter). Note that “weapons” is always plural.
Also note that the gender of this word is “neuter.” This means that the word is not inherently masculine or feminine. Second declension neuter nouns use the same endings as masculine, but with a few changes:
What are the third conjugation present tense verb endings?
How do you form third conjugation verbs in the present tense?
Drop -ere from the second principle part
Add the correct present tense ending
Note that the third conjugation is special, since the vowel before the -re is also dropped to conjugate the verb.
Translate to Latin.
The men defend the king with their weapons.
Virī armīs suīs rēgem dēfendunt.
to defend - dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfensus.
Translate to Latin.
The farmers bear arms.
Agricolae arma gerunt.
to wear, bear; to wage - gerō, gerere, gesī, gestus. Note that gerere is a third conjugation verb. The second principle part ending is similar to the second conjugation: -ere. There is no macron in the third conjugation ending.
