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Psychiatry > Basic Science of Pyschosis > Flashcards

Basic Science of Pyschosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Grandiose delusion?

A

Delusions that they are superior to others lol trump and the tories

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2
Q

What are ideas of reference?

A

Idea that everything a person perceives is about them and their destiny

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3
Q

What are paranoid delusions?

A

False belief that everyone is against them (people talking in the corner, must be about me)

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4
Q

What are auditory hallucinations?

A

Hearing voices etc

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5
Q

What is loosening of associations?

A

Also known as Knights move thinking, frame of reference shifts from one sentence to the next

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6
Q

What are nihilistic delusions?

A

Belief that nothing really exists

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7
Q

What is flight of ideas?

A

A rapid shifting of ideas with only superficial connections between them

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8
Q

What are visual hallucinations?

A

Seeing things

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9
Q

What are functional hallucinations?

A

Experienced when the patient has a similar stimuli, e.g. auditory hallucinations when hearing running water

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10
Q

What is gustatory hallucination?

A

Hallucination of taste

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11
Q

What is passivity of thought?

A

Feeling of being controlled by some external force

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12
Q

What is thought insertion?

A

Someone is putting thoughts in my head

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13
Q

What is mind reading?

A

Belief they can read others thoughts

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14
Q

What is formal thought disorder?

A

Disorganised thinking

includes derailment, poverty of speech, tangentiality, illogicality, perseveration neologism and thought blocking

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15
Q

What is thought broadcasting?

A

Belief that others can read your thougths

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16
Q

What is the heritability of schizophrenia/psychosis?

A

78%?

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17
Q

What are risk factors for psychosis?

A

2nd trimester viral illness

Obstetric problems such as; pre-eclampsia, fetal hypoxia, emergency caesarian section

18
Q

What increases the risk of schizophrenia by 50%?

A

Childhood viral CNS infection

19
Q

What happens to the brain in schizophrenia?

A

Reduced Frontal lobe volume
Reduced Frontal lobe grey matter
Enlarged lateral ventricle volume

20
Q

Where do patients with Schizophrenia have consistent volumetric reductions?

A

Temporal cortex - esp. superior temporal gyrus

Medial temporal lobe - esp. hippocampus

21
Q

Where do patients with schizophrenia have variable volumetric reductions?

A

Oribitofrontal cortex

Parietal cortex, basal ganglia

22
Q

What causes the loss of grey matter in Schizophrenia?

A

Reduced arborisation, not neuron loss.

23
Q

In schizophrenia, when is grey matter reduction likely to be progressive?

A

In initial years of the illness

24
Q

What is a popular way of investigating the brains white matter?

A

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

25
Q

What are the two more common measurements from Diffusion Tensor Imaging?

A 
Fractional anisotropy (FA) - high numbers = healthy white matter tracts
Mean diffusivity (MD) - high numbers = less healthy white matter tracts
26
Q

What DTI results are generally found in Schizophrenia?

A

Reduced FA and Increased MD

27
Q

What may be the cause of the anisotropy abnormalities?

A

Myelin abnormalities

28
Q

Is there disruption of the cerbral cortical cytoarchitecture?

A

Yes in the enterohinal cortex

29
Q

What drug can make schizophrenia symptoms worse?

A

Amphetamine

30
Q

What is schizophrenia believed to be related to?

A

Overactivity of dopamine pathways in the brain

31
Q

What is involved in the Nigrostriatal Extrapyramidal motor system?

A

Dorsal striatum

Substantia nigra

32
Q

What is involved in the Mesolimbic/Cortical motivation and reward systems?

A 
Ventral tegmental area
Frontal cortex
Nucleus accumbens
Amygdala
Hippocampus
33
Q

What do the D1 receptors (D1 and D5) stimulate?

A

cAMP

34
Q

Describe the D2 receptors (D2, D3, D4)?

A

Inhibit Adenylyl Cyclase
Inhibit voltage gated-activated Ca2+ channels
Open K+ channels

35
Q

Where is the receptor D1 and what are the agonist/antagonist for it?

A

Agonist- SKF82958
Antagonist- SCH23390
Region- Neostriatum, Cerebral cortex, Olfactory tubercle, nucleus accembens

36
Q

Describe the D2 receptor?

A

Agonist- Bromocriptine
Antag- raclopride, haloperidol
Region- Neostriatum, olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens

37
Q

Describe the D3 receptor?

A

Agonist- quinpirole, 7OH-DPAT
Antag- Raclopride
Region- Nucleus accumbens,island of Calleja

38
Q

Describe the D4 receptor?

A

Agonist - NONE
Antag- Clozapine
Region- Midbrain, amygdala

39
Q

Describe the D5 receptor?

A

Agonist- SKF38393
Antag- SCH23390
Region- Hippocampus, hypothalamus

40
Q

Where are the D1 and D2 receptors also found?

A

In limbic and striatal areas.

Psychiatry (20 decks)

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