Basic Rust Developer Interview Questions

Question 1

How would you describe Rust programming language

Answer 1

Rust is a general-purpose, programming language offering high performance and concurrency.

Rust is known for its unique ownership and borrowing system, which allows for memory management without needing a garbage collector.

This system ensures that memory is never accessed incorrectly or freed too early, eliminating many common runtime errors and making Rust programs more reliable and secure.

Question 2

What are the key features of Rust?

Answer 2

High Performance
Concurrency
Memory Safety
Zero cost abstractions
Macros
Error Messaging

Question 3

Describe ownership in RustRust.

Answer 3

Ownershipis a set of rules that govern how a Rust program manages memory.

Question 4

Which platform are supported by Rust

Answer 4

Linux
macOS
Windows
iOS
Android

FreeBSD
NetBSD
OpenBSD
Solaris
WebAssembly

Question 5

How to declare global variables in Rust?

Answer 5

In Rust, you can declare a global variable using the static keyword.

The static keyword declares a global variable with a static lifetime, which means that it exists for the entire duration of the program’s execution.

Question 6

What are the limitations of Rust?

Answer 6

1. Learning Curve
2. Memory Management: Rust’s memory management can be restrictive, requiring developers to manage memory usage and ownership of variable carefully.
3. Slow compilation
4. Limited Libraries

Question 7

How to write a GUI application in Rust?

Answer 7

1. Cocoa: Cocoa is a macOS native UI framework (not a Rust library) that can be accessed using the cocoa-rs Rust bindings. It allows you to create native macOS applications.
2. ImGui: ImGui (also known as Dear ImGui) is a bloat-free graphical user interface library for C++. It is popular for creating graphical interfaces for game development, tools, and applications.
3. GTK: popular GUI library for creating native-looking and highly customizable interfaces.
4. Gyscos: It builds interfaces in the terminal using different backends (like termion, ncurses)
5. IUP: IUP (Interface User Portable) is a GUI library initially developed in C to provide a minimalistic and easy-to-use interface.

Question 8

What are the ownership models rules in Rust

Answer 8

1. Each value in Rust has an **owner.**
2. There can only be one owner at a time.
3. When the owner goes out of scope, the value will be dropped.

Question 9

Is it possible to create an operating system entirely in Rust?

Answer 9

Yes, you can write a whole operating system in Rust. Rust is now the primary programming language in several recently launched operating systems.

use Rust to create various new software applications, including game engines, operating systems, file systems, browser components, and virtual reality simulation engines.

Question 10

What is borrowing in Rust?

Answer 10

borrowing refers to an activity where a program can get temporary access to a resource, such as a variable, without assuming permanent ownership of the resource.

Question 11

What is lifetime in Rust?

Answer 11

In Rust, lifetime is a construct that describes the relationships between data references in memory and data lifetime.

It is like a label attached to a reference that indicates how long the reference is valid and thus can be used for accessing the data it refers to.

Question 12

What is a module in Rust?

Answer 12

A module has several items, including functions, constants, enums, traits, and structs, into separate units.
It helps avoid naming conflicts and makes it easier to reason about your code organization.

Question 13

What is pattern matching in Rust?

Answer 13

Pattern matching is a feature that enables developers to specify patterns and check them against value structure.

In Rust, pattern matching is done using the ‘match’ expression.

Question 14

Is Rust safe in comparison to C and C++

Answer 14

The most significant advantage of Rust over C is its emphasis on writing safe code.

Rust was created, with memory safety being one of its top priorities.

Question 15

What are the types of references in Rust?

Answer 15

There are two types of references in Rust: immutable references and mutable references.

Immutable references: These are read-only references that allow you to borrow an immutable view of a value. Immutable references are created using the & symbol followed by the value you want to borrow.

Mutable references: These are references that allow you to borrow a mutable view of a value. Mutable references are created using the &mut keyword followed by the value you want to borrow.

Question 16

What is a reference in Rust?

Answer 16

A reference in Rust is essentially a pointer that refers to the value without owning it.

Question 17

What is the connection between Rust and the reusable code it generates

Answer 17

In Rust, the compiler enforces the ownership model, meaning there are no unmanaged pointers or memory leaks. This makes writing reusable code incredibly easier and more efficient.

Also, Rust’s package manager, Cargo, makes code sharing and reusability very simple.

Question 18

What is the unwrap() method in Rust?

Answer 18

unwrap() is a method provided by Rust programming language’s standard library that can extract the value inside an Option or Result type while also propagating any potential errors that might have occurred.

Question 19

What is a struct in Rust?

Answer 19

Struct, also known as Structure, is a composite data type that allows you to group together related values under a single name.

Question 20

What is the difference between an option and a result in Rust?

Answer 20

In Rust, an option and a result are both types that represent the possibility of having an error or a successful value.

An ‘Option’ represents the computational value that may or may not be present. For instance, it is used when there is a possibility that the function might not return a value while looking for an item within a collection.

A ‘Result’ represents an operational result, which can either be a success or a failure with an associated error value (E) if it is a failure. The ‘result’ type is usually used in cases where a function might fail for several reasons, and thus the error cases can be handled in a structured way.

Question 21

What is a procedural macro in Rust?

Answer 21

In Rust, a procedural macro is a type of macro that allows you to define custom syntax extensions that can be used in your code.

Procedural macros are implemented as Rust functions that take in Rust code as input, manipulate it in some way, and then generate output with a new Rust code.
Procedural macros are used to generate code at compile time.

Question 22

What is a data race in Rust?

Answer 22

A race condition in Rust can be defined as multiple threads (usually more than 2) trying to access the same data or memory location at the same time concurrently, where at least one access is a write operation.

This can lead to undefined behavior like data corruption, program crashes, or security vulnerabilities.

Question 23

How does Rust ensure memory saftey?

Answer 23

Strict type system: Rust’s type system helps prevent memory safety issues by ensuring that types are checked at compile time.

Ownership and borrowing system: In Rust, every value has an owner responsible for managing the memory allocated to that value. Rust ensures that there is only one owner for a value at a time, preventing issues such as dangling pointers or use-after-free bugs.

Question 24

What is an enum in Rust?

Answer 24

In Rust, an enum is a type that enables developers to define a set of named values or data.

Enums allow you to define a type by enumerating its possiblevariants.

Question 25

What is cargo.lock in Rust?

Answer 25

Cargo.lock contains information related to the dependencies of a Rust project, such as transitive dependencies.

The objective of this file is to ensure that anyone building a new project will use the same dependencies as the last version of the project to avoid dependency conflicts and ensure reusable builds.

Question 26

What is a conditional compilation in Rust?

Answer 26

In Rust, conditional compilation is a feature that enables developers to compile specific parts of the code using predefined conditions selectively.

Question 27

What is a build script?

Answer 27

A build script is a special source file in Rust, and this file is executed during the build process of a project.

A build script performs several tasks, including the following:

Generating code
Setting environment variables
Compiling external dependencies
Configuring build options

Question 28

What is an iterator in Rust?

Answer 28

In Rust, the iterator is a process that provides a sequence of values that can be iterated using iterator methods such as ‘for loop.’

Question 29

What is a channel in Rust?

Answer 29

A channel is a mechanism for communication and passing messages between two concurrent execution threads.

Question 30

What do you know about cargo.toml file in Rust?

Answer 30

Cargo.toml is a configuration file used in the package manager used by Rust named Cargo.

This file contains metadata and specifies information about the project name, version, build settings, and dependencies.

Question 31

What is a declarative macro in Rust?

Answer 31

In Rust, a declarative macro allows you to define a pattern that will be matched against the input code and then generate new code based on that pattern.

Question 32

What do you understand by function pointer?

Answer 32

A function pointer is a type that represents a pointer to the function whose identity might be unknown at compile time.

Question 33

Explain Tuple in Rust?

Answer 33

A tuple is a collection of different types of values. It is similar to an array, but unlike arrays, a tuple can contain values of different types

Question 34

Explain the match statement.

Answer 34

The match statement is a control flow operator that provides a powerful mechanism to transfer control to a specific code block based on the matching patterns of the variables.

Question 35

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