Basic Principles of Science

Question 1

What is Newton most famous for?

Answer 1

Newton: The three laws of motion (1643-1727)

Question 2

Who is known as the father of geology?

Answer 2

Charles Lyell: Principles of Geology

Question 3

Who came up with the Theory of Relativity?

Answer 3

Albert Einstein: Theory of Relatively (1879)

Question 4

Who came up with Plate Tectonics?

Answer 4

Alfred Wagner (1900)

Question 5

Who is responsible for The laws of Conservation of Matter?

Answer 5

Lavoisier and Dalton (1700 -1800)

Question 6

What are Ernest Rutherford and Enrico Fermi well known for?

Answer 6

Radioactivity and Nuclear Fission

Question 7

Who came up with The Evolution of Species?

Answer 7

Charles Darwin

Question 8

What is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek well known for?

Answer 8

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope. He was the first to observe microorganisms. Discovery of the cell came afterward by Robert Hooke

Question 9

Who wrote the book/paper “The Nature of Diseases and Germs” ?

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Question 10

What is the Industrial Revolution well known for?

Answer 10

Technological advances of steam engine (1800)

Question 11

What is the difference between theory and law?

Answer 11

A theory does not eventually become a law. A theory describes one part of a law. The law is a general statement, where a theory describes a specific phenomenon. A theory is tested many times before it qualifies as a theory.

Question 12

What is the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRECESSION AND ACCURACY?

Answer 12

Precision deals with exactness. If a piece of chalk measures 5 grams. A student weights it three times: 8.8 g, 8.8 g, and 8.9 g. In this case, his data is precise, but not accurate. There is not a big difference between these numbers, but there is a big difference between these numbers and the actual weight of the chalk. Accuracy, on the other hand, relates back to the true weight value. Accurate results are the correct result, or closest to 5 grams.

Question 13

What is the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MASS AND WEIGHT?

Answer 13

Mass does not change based on locations. It is independent of any other factors. It is measured in grams using a triple beam balance.Weight varies based on location, and the impact of gravity force pulling on it. It is measured in Newtons.

Question 14

What is the formula for CONVERTING FROM FAHRENHEIT TO CELSIUS?

Answer 14

C = 5/9 (F -32)

Question 15

What is the formula for CONVERTING FROM CELSIUS TO FAHRENHEIT?

Answer 15

F = 9/5 C + 32

Question 16

What is the independent factor?

Answer 16

the factor applied to the dependent factor to see how the dependent factor would be affected. This factor does not change, but it changes the dependent factor.

Question 17

What is the dependent factor?

Answer 17

the factor changed due to the effects of the independent factor affecting it.

Question 18

What is a control?

Answer 18

The factor kept constant without applying the independent factor to it. It is a differentiating factor to the dependent factor which had the independent being applied to. It is used as a comparison factor to the dependent factor.

Question 19

What is the Scientific Method ?

Answer 19

o Purpose: The question that the experiment is testingo Research: Gather information o Hypothesis: Make an educated guesso Experiment: Test the hypothesiso Analysis: Gather data and compare resultso Conclusion: In the conclusions, one must reference the hypothesis, and then summarize the results.

Question 20

What is an element ?

Answer 20

An Element is a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substance by chemical means (Examples: H, O, N, C, etc…).

Question 21

What is an molecule ?

Answer 21

Molecule is a group of atoms that are held together by chemical force of the same element; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance’s chemical properties (Examples: H2, O2, etc…).

Question 22

What is a compound ?

Answer 22

A Compound is a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds (Examples: H2O, NaCl2, etc.).

Question 23

What is a mixture ?

Answer 23

A Mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not bonded chemically (Example: A salad (tomatoes and lettuce pieces are not combined chemically; they are merely mixed)).

Question 24

What is a chemical change?

Answer 24

A change that occurs when one or more substances change into an entirely new substance, which is made up of different properties (Example: wood to ash).

Question 25

What is a chemical property?

Answer 25

A chemical characteristic that is unique to a specific substance. Boiling points and freezing point are examples of chemical properties.

Question 26

What is a physical change?

Answer 26

A change of matter from one form, to another, without a change in the chemical properties of the substance (Example: H2O (water) to H2O (ice)).

Question 27

What is a physical property ?

Answer 27

Characteristics the can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Size and color are examples of physical properties.

Question 28

What is a Ionic Bond?

Answer 28

the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another (metal + nonmetal).

Question 29

What is a Covalent Bond ?

Answer 29

a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons (nonmetal + nonmetal).

Question 30

What is a Hydrogen Bond?

Answer 30

a bond formed between H, O, and N atoms.

Question 31

What unit is used to measure length ?

Answer 31

Meter

Question 32

What unit is used to measure mass ?

Answer 32

Kilogram

Question 33

What unit is used to measure electric current?

Answer 33

Ampere

Question 34

What unit is used to measure temperature?

Answer 34

Kelvin, Celsius

Question 35

What unit is used to measure light intensity?

Answer 35

Candela

Question 36

What is a homogenous mixture?

Answer 36

In homogenous mixtures, the components are evenly distributed. The mixture is the same throughout, such as apple juice.

Question 37

What is a heterogeneous mixture ?

Answer 37

Components in heterogeneous mixtures are not evenly distributed. Example: salsa, orange juice with pulp, etc. …

Question 38

What is an atom ?

Answer 38

An Atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains all of its chemical properties.

Question 39

What is a pure substance ?

Answer 39

A Pure substance is a sample of matter, which has definite chemical and physical properties.

Question 40

What is a Density Column ?

Answer 40

A Density Column displays multiple layers of liquids that differ in density and solubility.

Question 41

What is volume ?

Answer 41

Volume is a measure of the size of a region in three dimensions (H x W x L).

Question 42

What is boiling point ?

Answer 42

Boiling Point is the temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a gas.

Question 43

How are the particles arranged in a liquid?

Answer 43

In a Liquid, particles are close together, and are in contact most of the time.

Question 44

What are the different ways to investigate scientific phonemes?

Answer 44

Direct observationsModeling Testing hypothesis

Question 45

What is a conclusion in the scientific method?

Answer 45

In the conclusion, one must reference the hypothesis, and then summarize the results.

Question 46

Matter can be divided into what three main categories?

Answer 46

elements, compounds, and mixtures.

Question 47

What is matter

Answer 47

Matter is anything that has mass and takes place

Question 48

What are liters ?

Answer 48

Liters is a standard SI unit of volume

Question 49

What is a Metric System ?

Answer 49

The Metric System is a standard system of measurement.