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Biology PRAXIS Flashcards > Basic Principles of Science > Flashcards

Basic Principles of Science Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Newton most famous for?

A

Newton: The three laws of motion (1643-1727)

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2
Q

Who is known as the father of geology?

A

Charles Lyell: Principles of Geology

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3
Q

Who came up with the Theory of Relativity?

A

Albert Einstein: Theory of Relatively (1879)

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4
Q

Who came up with Plate Tectonics?

A

Alfred Wagner (1900)

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5
Q

Who is responsible for The laws of Conservation of Matter?

A

Lavoisier and Dalton (1700 -1800)

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6
Q

What are Ernest Rutherford and Enrico Fermi well known for?

A

Radioactivity and Nuclear Fission

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7
Q

Who came up with The Evolution of Species?

A

Charles Darwin

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8
Q

What is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek well known for?

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope. He was the first to observe microorganisms. Discovery of the cell came afterward by Robert Hooke

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9
Q

Who wrote the book/paper “The Nature of Diseases and Germs” ?

A

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

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10
Q

What is the Industrial Revolution well known for?

A

Technological advances of steam engine (1800)

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11
Q

What is the difference between theory and law?

A

A theory does not eventually become a law. A theory describes one part of a law. The law is a general statement, where a theory describes a specific phenomenon. A theory is tested many times before it qualifies as a theory.

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12
Q

What is the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRECESSION AND ACCURACY?

A

Precision deals with exactness. If a piece of chalk measures 5 grams. A student weights it three times: 8.8 g, 8.8 g, and 8.9 g. In this case, his data is precise, but not accurate. There is not a big difference between these numbers, but there is a big difference between these numbers and the actual weight of the chalk. Accuracy, on the other hand, relates back to the true weight value. Accurate results are the correct result, or closest to 5 grams.

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13
Q

What is the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MASS AND WEIGHT?

A

Mass does not change based on locations. It is independent of any other factors. It is measured in grams using a triple beam balance.Weight varies based on location, and the impact of gravity force pulling on it. It is measured in Newtons.

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14
Q

What is the formula for CONVERTING FROM FAHRENHEIT TO CELSIUS?

A

C = 5/9 (F -32)

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15
Q

What is the formula for CONVERTING FROM CELSIUS TO FAHRENHEIT?

A

F = 9/5 C + 32

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16
Q

What is the independent factor?

A

the factor applied to the dependent factor to see how the dependent factor would be affected. This factor does not change, but it changes the dependent factor.

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17
Q

What is the dependent factor?

A

the factor changed due to the effects of the independent factor affecting it.

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18
Q

What is a control?

A

The factor kept constant without applying the independent factor to it. It is a differentiating factor to the dependent factor which had the independent being applied to. It is used as a comparison factor to the dependent factor.

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19
Q

What is the Scientific Method ?

A

o Purpose: The question that the experiment is testingo Research: Gather information o Hypothesis: Make an educated guesso Experiment: Test the hypothesiso Analysis: Gather data and compare resultso Conclusion: In the conclusions, one must reference the hypothesis, and then summarize the results.

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20
Q

What is an element ?

A

An Element is a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substance by chemical means (Examples: H, O, N, C, etc…).

21
Q

What is an molecule ?

A

Molecule is a group of atoms that are held together by chemical force of the same element; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance’s chemical properties (Examples: H2, O2, etc…).

22
Q

What is a compound ?

A

A Compound is a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds (Examples: H2O, NaCl2, etc.).

23
Q

What is a mixture ?

A

A Mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not bonded chemically (Example: A salad (tomatoes and lettuce pieces are not combined chemically; they are merely mixed)).

24
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A change that occurs when one or more substances change into an entirely new substance, which is made up of different properties (Example: wood to ash).

25
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

A chemical characteristic that is unique to a specific substance. Boiling points and freezing point are examples of chemical properties.

26
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change of matter from one form, to another, without a change in the chemical properties of the substance (Example: H2O (water) to H2O (ice)).

27
Q

What is a physical property ?

A

Characteristics the can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Size and color are examples of physical properties.

28
Q

What is a Ionic Bond?

A

the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another (metal + nonmetal).

29
Q

What is a Covalent Bond ?

A

a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons (nonmetal + nonmetal).

30
Q

What is a Hydrogen Bond?

A

a bond formed between H, O, and N atoms.

31
Q

What unit is used to measure length ?

A

Meter

32
Q

What unit is used to measure mass ?

A

Kilogram

33
Q

What unit is used to measure electric current?

A

Ampere

34
Q

What unit is used to measure temperature?

A

Kelvin, Celsius

35
Q

What unit is used to measure light intensity?

A

Candela

36
Q

What is a homogenous mixture?

A

In homogenous mixtures, the components are evenly distributed. The mixture is the same throughout, such as apple juice.

37
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture ?

A

Components in heterogeneous mixtures are not evenly distributed. Example: salsa, orange juice with pulp, etc. …

38
Q

What is an atom ?

A

An Atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains all of its chemical properties.

39
Q

What is a pure substance ?

A

A Pure substance is a sample of matter, which has definite chemical and physical properties.

40
Q

What is a Density Column ?

A

A Density Column displays multiple layers of liquids that differ in density and solubility.

41
Q

What is volume ?

A

Volume is a measure of the size of a region in three dimensions (H x W x L).

42
Q

What is boiling point ?

A

Boiling Point is the temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a gas.

43
Q

How are the particles arranged in a liquid?

A

In a Liquid, particles are close together, and are in contact most of the time.

44
Q

What are the different ways to investigate scientific phonemes?

A

Direct observationsModeling Testing hypothesis

45
Q

What is a conclusion in the scientific method?

A

In the conclusion, one must reference the hypothesis, and then summarize the results.

46
Q

Matter can be divided into what three main categories?

A

elements, compounds, and mixtures.

47
Q

What is matter

A

Matter is anything that has mass and takes place

48
Q

What are liters ?

A

Liters is a standard SI unit of volume

49
Q

What is a Metric System ?

A

The Metric System is a standard system of measurement.

Biology PRAXIS Flashcards (7 decks)

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