Basic Principles and Practice in Clinical Chemistry

Question 1

Greek word “ Kline” meaning bed

Answer 1

Clinical

Question 2

the science that deals with the elements, their compounds and the chemical structure and interaction of
matter

Answer 2

Chemistry

Question 3

area of chemistry that is generally concerned with quantitative and qualitative analysis of bodily fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Answer 3

Clinical Chemistry

Question 4

deals with the analysis of the chemical constituents of the blood as well as
other body fluids to facilitate diagnosis of disease.

Answer 4

Clinical Chemistry

Question 5

Hippocrates

Answer 5

300 BC:

Question 6

acid precipitation of urine for CHON

Answer 6

1600:

Question 7

study of Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 7

1700

Question 8

use of Laboratory Medicine

Answer 8

1850-1890s

Question 9

epinephrine, uric acid, ammonia, NPN, CHON

Answer 9

1918-1920s

Question 10

enzymatic tests

Answer 10

1930

Question 11

photoelectric colorimetry

Answer 11

1940

Question 12

L-J, Shewhart,

Answer 12

1950s

Question 13

AAS for Calcium and Magnesium

Answer 13

1960s

Question 14

The International Association of Clinical Biochemists was formed

Answer 14

1952

Question 15

IACB changed its name to The International Federation of
Clinical Chemistry (IFCC)

Answer 15

1953

Question 16

preferred in scientific literature
and clinical laboratories and is the only system used in many
countries.

Answer 16

Système International d’Unitès (SI):

Question 17

• Derivative or a mathematical function of one of the basic units

Answer 17

• Derived unit

Question 18

• Reporting of laboratory results is often expressed in terms of substance concentration, or the mass of a substance rather than in SI
  units.

Answer 18

UNITS OF MEASURE

Question 19

• Electronic transmission of laboratory data and the more routine use
  of an electronic medical record, coding, billing, and other data
  management systems may vary

Answer 19

Electronic Reporting of Results

Question 20

• Most systems agree that each test name should be _______
  and should have its unique code and should include the value and
  the unit or the appropriate abbreviation.

Answer 20

clearly identified

Question 21

• A substance that is used to test for the presence of another substance
  by causing reaction with it.
• Any substance employed to produce a chemical reaction

Answer 21

REAGENTS

Question 22

I. Analytical Reagent (AR)
II. Ultrapure
III. Chemically Pure (CP)
IV. United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
V. National Formulary (NF)
VI. Technical or Commercial Grade

Answer 22

Chemicals

Question 23

• Practical grade with some impurities
• Chemically pure
• Spectroscopic
• Chromatographic

Answer 23

Organic Reagents

Question 24

• highly purified chemical that can be measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration and purity
  **NIST: Standard/Certified Reference Material (SRM/CRM

Answer 24

Primary standard

Question 25

• Unknown
  substance of lower purity with concentration determined by comparison with a primary standard

Answer 25

Secondary Standard

Question 26

Water is the most frequently used reagent in the laboratory.

Answer 26

Water Specifications

Question 27

Purification

Answer 27

• Distillation
• Ion exchange
• Reverse Osmosis

Question 28

Clinical laboratory reagent water (CLRW), Special reagent water (SRW),
Instrument feed water, Water supplied by method manufacturer, Autoclave
and wash water, and Commercially bottled purified water.

Answer 28

Reagent Grade Water

Question 29

remove particulate matter for municipal water supplies
before any additional treatments
* Glass, cotton, activated charcoal, submicron filters

Answer 29

Prefiltration

Question 30

• Distillation
• Ion exchange
• Reverse osmosis
• Ultrafiltration

Answer 30

Water Specifications

Question 31

Standard/Certified Reference Material (SRM/CRM)

Answer 31

NIST