Basic Life Support Flashcards
AED
Automated External Defibrillator
AP
Anteroposterior
BLS
Basic Life Support
CCF
Chest Compression Fraction
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
ECG
Electrocardiogram
ED
Emergency Department
EMS
Emergency Medical Services
LUD
Lateral Uterine Displacement
PAD
Public Access Defibrillation
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
pVT
Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia
ROSC
Return of Spontaneous Circulation
T-CPR
Telecommunicator-assisted CPR
Only about __% of adult patients with nontraumatic cardiac arrest who are treated by emergency medical services survive to hospital discharge.
10
In adults, cardiac arrest is often sudden and frequently results from a cardiac cause. In children, however, cardiac arrest is often secondary to ____________ __________ and _______.
respiratory failure; shock
In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?
Homes
What is the Chain of Survival for a pediatric out-of-hospital case?
1) Prevention
2) Activation of Emergency Response
3) High-Quality CPR
4) Advanced Resuscitation
5) Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
6) Recovery
What is the Chain of Survival for an adult in-hospital case?
1) Early Recognition + Prevention
2) Activation of Emergency Response
3) High-Quality CPR
4) Defibrillation
5) Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
6) Recovery
What is the Chain of Survival for an adult out-of-hospital case?
1) Activation of Emergency Response
2) High-Quality CPR
3) Defibrillation
4) Advanced Resuscitation
5) Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
6) Recovery
What are agonal gasps?
Agonal gasps are involuntary and insufficient respirations that are caused by low oxygen in the blood, also known as hypoxia. This breathing is not normal breathing and indicates that someone is likely dying.
What should be happening while someone is finding a pulse?
- Someone has activated the emergency response system
- Someone has gone to get an AED
Which method should you use to open an airway when you suspect spinal trauma?
Jaw Thrust
Compression Rate
100-120 per min
Compressions-to-Ventilations Ratio
30 compressions to 2 breaths `
What do you do when you need to perform CPR on a pregnant lady?
Perform CPR like normal. May do LUD to relieve pressure on major blood vessels if trained
What are the 2 methods to open the airway?
Head tilt-chin lift & jaw thrust
What are the rate and depth for chest compressions on an adult?
100-120 compressions per minute at a depth of at least 2 inches
Defibrillation means…
interrupting or stopping an abnormal heart rhythm by using controlled electrical shocks
What are signs of ROSC?
Breathing, coughing, or movement and a palpable pulse or measurable blood pressure
What are the 2 common placements of AED pads?
Anterolateral Placement & AP Placement
What are 2 life-threatening shockable rhythms?
pVT and Ventricular Fibrillation
What is pVT?
When the ventricles contract so quickly that there is no pulse
What is ventricular fibrillation?
When the heart’s electrical activity is chaotic. The heart muscles quiver so rapidly and unsynchronized that the heart does not pump blood
In an infant, you check for a _______ pulse.
brachial
In a child, you check for a __________ or a __________ pulse
femoral; carotid
The brachial pulse is where?
Between the shoulder and elbow
The femoral pulse is where?
Just below the crease where the leg meets the torso
What are signs of poor perfusion?
- Cool temperature
- Altered mental state (unconsciousness/no response)
- Weak pulse
Paleness, patchy appearance, blue lips/skin
If you have 2 rescuers what should your compression-to-ventilation ratio be for a 7 year old?
15:2
What are the 2 compression techniques for an infant?
2-finger and 2 thumb-encircling
For 2 rescuers which compression technique is best for an 8 month old?
2 thumb-encircling
True or false: Breaths are not needed for infant/child CPR
False, breaths are highly important in any CPR!!!
What should the compression depth be for a child?
1/3 of their chest (2 inches)
What should the compression depth be for an infant?
1/3 of their chest (1.5 inches)
How should you use an AED on a child>8 years?
The same as adults (with adult pads)
How should you use an AED on a child<8 years?
Use child pads with child shock if available
How should you use an AED on an infant?
Use a manual defibrillator if available. If not use an AED with child pads, if no child pads are available use adult pads with AP placement.
What victim would ONLY need rescue breaths?
Someone who has a pulse but is not breathing
What can happen when you give rescue breaths with too much force or too quickly?
Gastric Inflation
How many rescue breaths should you give to an adult?
1 breath every 6 seconds
How many rescue breaths should you give to a child/infant?
1 breath every 2-3 seconds
What are opioids?
A pain medication that is highly addictive
What should you do first if you suspect an opioid emergency?
Verify scene safety
What are signs of an opioid overdose?
- slow, shallow, or no breathing
- choking or gurgling sounds
- drowsiness or loss of consciousness
- small, constricted pupils
- blue skin, lips, or nails
What drug reverses the effects of opioids?
Naloxone
Naloxone can be injected 3 ways:
Intramuscular, intranasal, and intravenous
True or False: Heroin, morphine, and hydracone are ALL types of opioids.
True
Scenario: Your roommate uses opioids. You find him unresponsive with no breathing, but a strong pulse. You suspect an opioid overdose. A friend is calling 911 and looking for a naloxone autoinjector. What should you be doing?
Providing rescue breaths: 1 breath every 6 seconds
Scenario: You encounter an unresponsive 56 year old women who has been taking hydrocodone for postsurgical pain. She is not breathing and has no pulse. You notice an empty medication bottle near her. A colleague activates the emergency response system and is retrieving an AED and naloxone. What should you do next?
Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
Every __ seconds a person has a heart attack
40
True or False: a heart attack is the same thing as a cardiac arrest
False
A heart attack is a _______ problem and a cardiac arrest is a ________ problem
blood flow; rhythm
Which of the following populations is most likely to show atypical signs of a heart attack, like shortness of breath and dizziness?
a. white, middle-aged men
b. individuals with diabetes
c. younger-aged individuals
d. people who are overweight
b. individuals with diabetes
What does F.A.S.T stand for?
Face dropping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time to phone 911
How are rescue actions for a cardiac arrest due to drowning different from the rescue actions for a sudden cardiac arrest?
Unlike sudden cardiac arrest, the priority in drowning victims is to give the person oxygen
Where should epinephrine be injected?
On the person’s thigh, about halfway between the hip and the knee
Anaphylaxis effects __ or more body systems
2
What is a stroke?
When blood stops flowing to a part of the brain
An ischemic stroke is…
when an artery in the brain is blocked
A hemorrhagic stroke is…
when a blood vessel bursts
What is the method used for signs of strokes?
F.A.S.T
