Basic Immunology II Flashcards
Antibody classes
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin D
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin E
largest antibody with molecular weight of 900 000 daltons
immunoglobulin M
a pentamer named after its heavy chain “mu heavy chain”
Immunoglobulin M
immunoglobulin M binds ____, found on ___ and activates ____
FC receptors, B cell surface, complement
first antibody produced during infection, last to leave
immunoglobulin M
immunoglobulim m reacts best to what temperature
room temp and/or cold temp
monomer found on b-cell surface, blood, and lymph
immunoglobulin D
immunoglobulin d: with a delta heavy chain and has a mw of _____ daltons
180,000 daltons
second type of IG to appear
immunoglobulin D
heat and acid labile, and is susceptible to proteolysis
immunoglobulin D
immunoglobulin D is ___ labile and susceptible to ____
heat and acid labile, and is susceptible to proteolysis
immunoglobulin A are found in serum as a ____ and secretions as a ___
serum-monomer
secretion-dimer
immunoglobulin A: alpha heavy chain with MW of _____ daltons
160,000-400,000
2 types of immunoglobulin A
IgA1, IgA2 (dominant in secretions)
antibody that protect mucosal surfaces, “major secretory IG” (tears, saliva, milk)
immunoglobulin A
major serum immunoglobulin
immunoglobulin G
binds FC receptors, activates complement, neutralizes toxins, and enhances phagocytosis
immunoglobulin G
main antibody in secondary response
immunoglobulin G
can travel to the placenta and protect newborns
immunoglobulin G
immunoglobulin G react best at what temp
body temperature
a monomer with an extra domain and epsilon heavy chain
immunoglobulin e
mw of immunoglobulin e
190,000 daltons
least abundant in serum heavy chain of immunoglobulin E
epsilon heavy chain
binds to FC receptors of eosinophils for the major basic protein
immunoglobulin e
immunoglobulin E is bound to ___ and ____
bound to Mast Cells and Basophils
immunoglobulin E is antibody for ____ and ___
allergy (Type 1 hypersensitivity), and parasitic infections
plasma cells that produces igE is usually in the ___ and ___
lungs and skin
Polypeptide products of activated cells
cytokines
Controls cellular response and regulates the immune system (innate and
adaptive response)
cytokines
cytokines are ____ with multiple activities/effects
pleiotropic
binds to target cell receptors, regulate receptor expression in T and B cells
cytokines
cytokines influence other ____
cytokines
types of cytokines
- interleukins
- interferons
- stem cell factors
- tumor necrosis factors
- chemokines
non-specific proteins, completes the process of antibody-antigen complex
complement
complements are mostly synthesized in the ___
liver
complement reacts at ph ___ and at temp of ____
pH 7.2-7.4, temp 30-37C
effects of complement
- chemotaxis
- lysis of cells
- mediators
- opsonization
- increase vascular permeability
3 known pathways of complement
- classical pathway
- alternative pathway
- lectin pathway
participate in the processes of cellular immunity
T-lymphocytes
participate in the processes of humoral immunity
b-lymphocytes
natural cytotoxicity against cancer cells and virus infected cells
nk-cells
composes 60-80% of the circulating lymphocytes
t-cells
t-cells lives as immature ___ in the thymus
thymocytes
Thymocytes then matures as ___ and actively proliferates by the help of ___
matures as double negative Thymocytes, proliferate by help of Interleukin 7
double negative thymocytes mature to
Double Positive Thymocytes (CD4+ and CD8+ cells)
“inducer cells,” or “CD4+ cells”
T helper cells (th)
50-70% of the mature t cells
t-helper cells
T helper cells help identify and respond to foreign invaders by recognizing antigens presented by ___ molecules on the surface of Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs).
MHC-II
due to expression of IL-12 by dendritic cells, for cell mediated immunity
Th1
development regulated by interleukin 4, for antibody mediated immunity
Th2
Th2 cells help __ cells produce antibodies
b cells
help regulate activity of Th1 and Th2
T regulatory cells
Tregs come from __ responsive naive T-cells and are marked by ____
IL-10, CD25+.
- Destroys target cells
- Kills host cells infected by virus
- Kills cancer cells and destroys transplanted tissue
Cytotoxic T-cells (Tc) - “CD8 cells”
Cytotoxic T-cells (Tc) - “CD8 cells” produced ____ and targets cells by lysing the target cells
perforin
Cytotoxic T-cells Interacts with antigen with ____
MHC-I
- Shuts down the immune response
- Controls/Inhibit antibody production
T-suppressor cells (Ts)
T-suppressor cells (Ts) are with __, ___, and __ markers
CD2, CD3, and CD8 markers
- Develops in the bone marrow
- With MHC class II
B cells
B-cells Matures to ____ to produce antibodie
Plasma cells
“Third population”, “Kiss of death”, “Null cells”, “Granular lymphocytes”
Natural Killer Cells
Small population of Lymphocytes that does not express markers for T-cells or
B-cells
Natural Killer Cells
Usually kills virally infected cells and Cancer cells
Natural Killer Cells
