basic ideas of atoms 1.2

Question 1

what is the absorption spectrum and how does it happen?

Answer 1

a spectrum of light can contain harsh and discrete lines when an electron passes through to absorb a quantized wavelength

Question 2

what is the emissions spectrum and how does it happen

Answer 2

the excited state the electron is in after absorbing energy is unstable so releases the same amount of energy absorbed and falls back to ground state.

Question 3

what is the electrons filling order

Answer 3

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6

Question 4

what is the symbol for alpha radiation

Answer 4

4 He 2+
2

Question 5

what is the symbol for beta radiation

Answer 5

0 e
-1

Question 6

why does successive ionisation energy increase?

Answer 6

The successive ionisation energies of an element increase because As more electrons are removed, the attractive forces increase due to decreasing shielding and an increase in the proton to electron ratio.

Question 7

what is the definition of first ionisation energy

Answer 7

energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atom to form 1+ gaseous ion

Question 8

whats the equation for the first ionisation for x

Answer 8

x(g) ——> x+(g) + e-

Question 9

why does first ionisation energy decrease down a group

Answer 9

more shielding and larger nucleus radius so it is easier to remove as the outer electron is held less tightly by the nucleus

Question 10

why does first ionisation energies generally increase across a period

Answer 10

increase in nuclear charge

Question 11

why does ionisation energies not increase from period 2-3

Answer 11

easier to remove an electron from group 3 as the electron is being removed from an orbital which is further away from the nucleus (p orbital) therefore held less tightly

Question 12

why does ionisation energies not increase from period 5-6

Answer 12

easier to remove an electron from group 6 as the electron being removed is paired therefore experiences more electron-electron repulsion from p orbital

Question 13

whats the definition of half life

Answer 13

the time it takes for the count rate or mass of a radioactive substance to fall o half its original value

Question 14

whats the definition of an orbital

Answer 14

energy levels split regions of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding 2 electrons

Question 15

describe the convergence limit

Answer 15

convergence limit becomes closer and closer together as the frequency of radiation increase so they converge to a limit