Basic Human Body Flashcards
1
Q
Levels of Organization
A
• CELLS
• TISSUES – EPITHELIAL TISSUE – CONNECTIVE TISSUE – MUSCLE TISSUE – NERVE TISSUE
- ORGANS
- SYSTEMS
2
Q
Levels of Organization (detailed)
A
• Chemical Level
- atoms & molecule
• Cellular Level
- cells
• Tissue Level
- Epithelial tissue
• Organ Level
- small intestine
• Organ System Level
- liver, stomach, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine
• Organismal Level
3
Q
Cell
A
- Cell wall
- Nuclear membrane (double membrane that encloses the cell nucleus)
- Nucleolus (contains cells chromosomes; inside the nuclear membrane)
- vacuole (membrane containing fluid)
- Centrosome consist of centrosphere enclosing two centrioles
- Net-knot of chromatin forming a pseudo-nucleolus
- Chromatin network
- Cell - inclusion (parapiasm)
4
Q
Organ Systems
A
- INTEGUMENTARY
- MUSCULOSKELETAL
- NERVOUS
- ENDOCRINE
- CIRCULATORY(Cardiovascular)
- IMMUNE
- HEMATOLOGIC/LYMPHATIC
- RESPIRATORY
- DIGESTIVE(Gastrointestinal)
- URINARY(Genitourinary)
- REPRODUCTIVE
5
Q
Organ Systems
A
- INTEGUMENTARY
- MUSCULOSKELETAL
- NERVOUS
- ENDOCRINE
- CIRCULATORY(Cardiovascular)
- IMMUNE
- HEMATOLOGIC/LYMPHATIC
- RESPIRATORY
- DIGESTIVE(Gastrointestinal)
- URINARY(Genitourinary)
- REPRODUCTIVE
6
Q
Integumentary System
A
- SKIN
- NAILS
- HAIR
- SWEAT AND OIL GLANDS
7
Q
Musculoskeletal System
A
- BONES
- JOINTS
- MUSCLES
- LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS
8
Q
Skeletal System
A
- Skull
- Mandible (jawbone)
- Clavicle (collarbone)
- Scapula (shoulder blade)
- Sternum (breastbone)
- Ribs
- Humerus (upper arm bone between elbow & shoulder aka funny bone)
- Radius (Extends lateral side of elbow to thumb side)
- Ulna (Extends from elbow to pinky side)
- Pelvis
- Phalanges (hands)
- Femur (thigh bone)
- Patella (kneecap)
- Tibia (shinbone, the larger of the two bones)
- Fibula (shinbone, the smaller of the two bones)
- Phalanges (feet)
9
Q
Nervous System
A
- BRAIN
- SPINAL CORD
- CRANIAL NERVES
- SPINAL NERVES
- EYES
- EARS
10
Q
Endocrine System
A
Hypothalamus gland in the brain sends signal to the pituitary gland. Connects nervous system with endocrine system.
• HORMONES • GLANDS 1. PITUITARY 2. THYROID 3. PARATHYROID 4. ADRENAL 5. PINEAL 6. GONADS 7. PANCREAS 8. THYMUS
11
Q
Circulatory System
A
• HEART • BLOOD VESSELS 1. ARTERIES 2. VEINS 3. CAPILLARIES
12
Q
Circulation of the heart
A
- Deoxygenated blood travels from the body through the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA and the INFERIOR VENA CAVA.
- Blood then travels into the RIGHT ATRIUM of the heart then passes through the TRICUSPID VALVE to the RIGHT VENTRICLE.
- The blood passes through the PULMONIC VALVE into the PULMONARY ARTERY. The blood goes to the lungs for oxygen.
- The lungs oxygenate the blood and it travels back to the heart in the PULMONARY VEIN.
- The blood goes into the LEFT ATRIUM and passes through the BICUSPID (or MITRAL) VALVE to the LEFT VENTRICLE.
- Then the blood travels through the AORTIC VALVE to the AORTA.
13
Q
Immune System
A
• BONE MARROW • LYMPH NODES • LYMPHOID ORGANS – THYMUS – SPLEEN – TONSILS • IMMUNE RELATED CELLS - WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC) - ANTIBODIES/ANTIGENS - T CELLS
14
Q
Hematologic / Lymphatic System
A
• BLOOD (Hematologic)
- PLASMA
- FORMED ELEMENTS
- RBCs
- WBCs
- Clotting Factors (platelets)
• LYMPHATIC
– LYMPH FLUID
– LYMPH VESSELS
– LYMPH NODES
– LYMPHOID ORGANS
15
Q
Respiratory System
A
The pathway for air exchange
Upper respiratory tract: • NOSE • SINUSES • PHARYNX (throat) • LARYNX (voice box) • TRACHEA
Lower respiratory tract • BRONCHI • BRONCHIOLES • ALVEOLI • “LUNGS”
