Basic foot and ankle anatomy

Question 1

Name the 3 bones that form the ankle

Answer 1

Talus, tibia and fibula

Question 2

Name the bony elements of the ankle joint

Answer 2

Distal tibia and fibula

Talus

Question 3

Name the proximal to distal order of the bones in the foot

Answer 3

1) Calcaneus (heel)
2) Talus
3) Navicular (hallux side) Cuboid (lateral side)
4) Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
5) Metatarsals
6) Phalanges

Question 4

Name the tarsal bones in the foot

Answer 4

Navicular
Cuboid
Medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms

Question 5

Forefoot

Answer 5

Metatarsals
Phalanges
Sesamoid bones

Question 6

Can you name the 7 articulations in the foot and ankle

Answer 6

Talocrural joint (tibiotalar)

Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

Talonavicular joint

Calcaneocuboid joint

Talometatarsal joint

Metatarsophalangeal joint

Interphalangeal joints

Question 7

What type of joint is the talocrural joint

Answer 7

Hinge

Question 8

What plane of movement does the talocrural joint move in

Answer 8

Sagittal

Question 9

What motion is possible at the talocrural joint

Answer 9

Dorsi and plantar flexion

Question 10

What type of joint is the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

Answer 10

Condyloid

Question 11

What plane of movement does the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint move in

Answer 11

Mainly transverse

Some sagittal

Question 12

What motion is possible at subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

Answer 12

Inversion

Eversion

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 13

What type of joint is the talonavicular joint

Answer 13

Ball and socket

Question 14

What type of joint is the Calcaneocuboid joint

Answer 14

Modified saddle

Question 15

What plane of movement does the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint move in

Answer 15

Mainly transverse
Some sagittal

Question 16

What motion is possible at the talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint

Answer 16

Inversion and eversion

Flexion and extension

Forefoot rotation

Question 17

What type of joint is the tarsometatarsal joint

Answer 17

Planar

Question 18

What type of joint is the metatarsophalangeal joints

Answer 18

Condyloid

Question 19

What plane of movement does metatarsophalangeal joints move in

Answer 19

Sagittal and some transverse

Question 20

What motion is possible at the metatarsophalangeal joints

Answer 20

Flexion and extension

Adduction and abduction

Question 21

What type of joint is the interphalangeal joints

Answer 21

Hinge

Question 22

What plane of movement does interphalangeal joints move in

Answer 22

Sagittal

Question 23

What motion is possible at the interphalangeal joints

Answer 23

Flexion and extension

Question 24

The ligaments of the ankle consist of…

Answer 24

The medial, lateral and the tibiofibular syndesmosis

Question 25

What are the four main ligaments of the foot

Answer 25

Plantar fascia Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament Calcaneocuboid ligament Lisfranc ligaments

Question 26

The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament is also known as the...

Answer 26

Spring ligament

Question 27

What does the medial collateral ligament consist of? Superficial layer

Answer 27

Tibiospring ligament Tibionavicular ligament Superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament Tibiocalcaneal ligament

Question 28

What does the medial collateral ligament consist of? Deep layer

Answer 28

Deep posterior tibiotalar ligament Deep anterior tibiotalar ligament

Question 29

MCL origin and insertion

Answer 29

O - Medial malleolus I - Talus

Question 30

Name the 3 ligaments of the LCL

Answer 30

Anterior and posterior talofibular Calcaneofibular joint

Question 31

Origin and insertion of anterior talofibular ligament

Answer 31

O- anterior margin of lateral malleolus I- talus

Question 32

Ligaments of the foot plantar surface

Answer 32

Plantar fascia Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 33

Ligaments of dorsal surface

Answer 33

Calcaneocuboid ligament Lisfranc ligament

Question 34

Where does the plantar fascia originate and end?

Answer 34

Originates in the medial calcaneal tubercle and ends at the five metatarsal bones

Question 35

What is the role of the plantar fascia?

Answer 35

Strong ligament that absorbs the impact of the ground reaction force when running Disperses stress throughout the metatarsus

Question 36

What is the role of the calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)

Answer 36

Assists with preventing talus medial rotation and plantar flexion Limits navicular dorsiflexion, eversion and abduction

Question 37

What does the calcaneocuboid consist of?

Answer 37

The medial, dorsolateral, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament and the long plantar ligament

Question 38

What is the insertion and origin of the long plantar ligament?

Answer 38

O - Inferior surface of the calcaneus I - bases of the second and forth metatarsals and not the distal cuboid.

Question 39

What is the other name for the short plantar ligament

Answer 39

The plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

Question 40

What is the origin and insertion of the short plantar ligament?

Answer 40

O- anterior tubercle of the calcaneus I - plantar surface of the cuboid

Question 41

What is the origin and insertion of the lisfranc ligament

Answer 41

O - lateral side of the medial cuneiform bone I - medial side of the base of the second metatarsal

Question 42

What is the role of the lisfranc ligament?

Answer 42

Maintains stability of the medial column and axial column of the foot.