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Ankle anatomy > Basic foot and ankle anatomy > Flashcards

Basic foot and ankle anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 bones that form the ankle

A

Talus, tibia and fibula

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2
Q

Name the bony elements of the ankle joint

A

Distal tibia and fibula

Talus

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3
Q

Name the proximal to distal order of the bones in the foot

A

1) Calcaneus (heel)
2) Talus
3) Navicular (hallux side) Cuboid (lateral side)
4) Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
5) Metatarsals
6) Phalanges

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4
Q

Name the tarsal bones in the foot

A

Navicular
Cuboid
Medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms

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5
Q

Forefoot

A

Metatarsals
Phalanges
Sesamoid bones

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6
Q

Can you name the 7 articulations in the foot and ankle

A

Talocrural joint (tibiotalar)

Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

Talonavicular joint

Calcaneocuboid joint

Talometatarsal joint

Metatarsophalangeal joint

Interphalangeal joints

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7
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint

A

Hinge

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8
Q

What plane of movement does the talocrural joint move in

A

Sagittal

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9
Q

What motion is possible at the talocrural joint

A

Dorsi and plantar flexion

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10
Q

What type of joint is the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

A

Condyloid

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11
Q

What plane of movement does the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint move in

A

Mainly transverse

Some sagittal

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12
Q

What motion is possible at subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

A

Inversion

Eversion

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

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13
Q

What type of joint is the talonavicular joint

A

Ball and socket

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14
Q

What type of joint is the Calcaneocuboid joint

A

Modified saddle

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15
Q

What plane of movement does the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint move in

A

Mainly transverse
Some sagittal

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16
Q

What motion is possible at the talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint

A

Inversion and eversion

Flexion and extension

Forefoot rotation

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17
Q

What type of joint is the tarsometatarsal joint

A

Planar

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18
Q

What type of joint is the metatarsophalangeal joints

A

Condyloid

19
Q

What plane of movement does metatarsophalangeal joints move in

A

Sagittal and some transverse

20
Q

What motion is possible at the metatarsophalangeal joints

A

Flexion and extension

Adduction and abduction

21
Q

What type of joint is the interphalangeal joints

A

Hinge

22
Q

What plane of movement does interphalangeal joints move in

A

Sagittal

23
Q

What motion is possible at the interphalangeal joints

A

Flexion and extension

24
Q

The ligaments of the ankle consist of…

A

The medial, lateral and the tibiofibular syndesmosis

25
Q

What are the four main ligaments of the foot

A

Plantar fascia
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
Calcaneocuboid ligament
Lisfranc ligaments

26
Q

The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament is also known as the…

A

Spring ligament

27
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament consist of?
Superficial layer

A

Tibiospring ligament

Tibionavicular ligament

Superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament

Tibiocalcaneal ligament

28
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament consist of?
Deep layer

A

Deep posterior tibiotalar ligament

Deep anterior tibiotalar ligament

29
Q

MCL origin and insertion

A

O - Medial malleolus
I - Talus

30
Q

Name the 3 ligaments of the LCL

A

Anterior and posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular joint

31
Q

Origin and insertion of anterior talofibular ligament

A

O- anterior margin of lateral malleolus
I- talus

32
Q

Ligaments of the foot plantar surface

A

Plantar fascia
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

33
Q

Ligaments of dorsal surface

A

Calcaneocuboid ligament
Lisfranc ligament

34
Q

Where does the plantar fascia originate and end?

A

Originates in the medial calcaneal tubercle and ends at the five metatarsal bones

35
Q

What is the role of the plantar fascia?

A

Strong ligament that absorbs the impact of the ground reaction force when running

Disperses stress throughout the metatarsus

36
Q

What is the role of the calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)

A

Assists with preventing talus medial rotation and plantar flexion
Limits navicular dorsiflexion, eversion and abduction

37
Q

What does the calcaneocuboid consist of?

A

The medial, dorsolateral, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament and the long plantar ligament

38
Q

What is the insertion and origin of the long plantar ligament?

A

O - Inferior surface of the calcaneus
I - bases of the second and forth metatarsals and not the distal cuboid.

39
Q

What is the other name for the short plantar ligament

A

The plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

40
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the short plantar ligament?

A

O- anterior tubercle of the calcaneus
I - plantar surface of the cuboid

41
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lisfranc ligament

A

O - lateral side of the medial cuneiform bone
I - medial side of the base of the second metatarsal

42
Q

What is the role of the lisfranc ligament?

A

Maintains stability of the medial column and axial column of the foot.

43
Q
A

Ankle anatomy (6 decks)

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