Basic Emergency Care

Question 1

Aims of basic emergency care - 4 Ps

Answer 1

Preserve life, prevent the situation from worsening, promote recovery, phone for assistance

Question 2

Things you should consider before treating anyone

Answer 2

Assess the situation, protect from dangers, get help, prioritise treatment, minimise infection risks, consent

Question 3

999 call for help - ETHANE

Answer 3

E - exact location 
T - type of incident
H - hazards (actual and potential)
A - access and egress
N - number and type of casualties 
E - emergency services, present or required

Question 4

Primary survey

Answer 4

DR ABCDE

Danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure

Question 5

AMPLE history

Answer 5

A - allergies
M - medications and tetanus immunity
P - past medical history
L - last meal
E - events leading to injury

Question 6

Chain of survival

Answer 6

Early recognition (to prevent cardiac arrest), early CPR (to buy time), early defibrillation (to restart the heart), post resuscitation care (to restore quality of life)

Question 7

CPR:

• Ratio of chest compressions
• Where should compressions be performed?
• How deep should compressions be?
• Rate of chest compressions

Answer 7

• 30:2, 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths
• Centre of chest
• 5-6cm
• 2 per second (100-120 per minute)