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Cell > Basic Embryology > Flashcards

Basic Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

The ___ is released from the ovary and caught by the ____ of the fallopian tube during ovulation

A

Secondary oocyte; fimbria

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2
Q

The ___ of the fallopian tube is where fertilization usually occurs

A

Ampulla

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3
Q

What will happen to an oocyte if it is not fertilized within 24 hours?

A

Degenerate and be reabsorbed in the oviduct

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4
Q

Match the following parts of the sperm:

1) Tail with ____
2) Neck with ____
3) Head with ____

A

1) Flagellum
2) Mitochondria
3) Dense nucleus

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5
Q

How does the sperm swim its way through the vagina?

A

Vagina -> Uterine Cavity -> Oviduct

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6
Q

What does a sperm have to do to be capable of fertilizing the oocyte?

A

It has to undergo several changes as it passes through the uterine cavity and oviduct

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7
Q

What is the sex chromosome constitution of a sperm? a secondary oocyte?

A

23 X or 23 Y; 23 X or 23 X

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8
Q

This is the product of fertiization

A

Zygote

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9
Q

This refers to the division of cells of a zygote into smaller embryonic cells after fertilization.

A

Cleavage

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10
Q

In Zygotic cleavage, each increased embryonic cell is called ___.

A

Blastomere

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11
Q

T/F: As the cleavage travels through the oviduct towards the uterus, the blastomeres get smaller and differentiate.

A

False: They get smaller, but increase in number

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12
Q

When is a zygote called a morula?

A

When there are 12-32 blastomeres

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13
Q

How is the blastocoel formed? What happens after it is formed?

A

Fluid from the uterine cavity enters the morula; Morula becomes the blastocyst

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14
Q

The blastocyst separates into two parts: ___ and ___.

A

Trophoblast and Embryoblast

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15
Q

Thin outer layer which will give rise to the placenta

A

Trophoblast

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16
Q

Inner layer which will give rise to the embryo

A

Embryoblast

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17
Q

T/F: Six days after fertilization, the embryonic pole of the blastocyst attaches to the uterine endometrium

A

True

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18
Q

The trophoblast differentiates into two layers: ___ which makes the inner layer of ___ and ___ which makes the outer layer of ___ cells

A

Cytotrophoblast, mononucleated and Syncytiotrophoblast. multinucleated

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19
Q

T/F: By the end of the second week, the blastocyst is successfully implanted into the uterine endometrium

A

False: first

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20
Q

The development of ___occurs 6-10 days after fertilization

A

bilaminar embryo

21
Q

Differences between epiblast and hypoblast in terms of description

A

Epiblast: thicker layer composed of high columnar cells
Hypoblast: thinner layer composed of cuboidal cells

22
Q

This appears when a small cavity starts to appear within the epiblast and enlarges and in what phase?

A

Amniotic Cavity; Second

23
Q

The development of the primary yolk sac includes the cells from the ___ proliferating and migrating to the ___ -> A ___ forms and lines the cavity -> ___ becomes the primary yolk sac

A

Hypoblast, blastocoel, thin membrane, blastocoel

24
Q

The thin membrane lining of the primary yolk sac is called the

A

Exocoelomic membrane/Heussers membrane

25
Q

In the development of the chorionic cavity, cells from the primary yolk sac form the ___

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm

26
Q

The isolated spaces in the extraembryonic mesoderm will rapidly fuse to form a large isolated cavity called thhe

A

Chorionic cavity / Extraembryonic coelem

27
Q

Membrane surrounding the primary yolk sac is the

A

Exocoelemic Membrane or Heuser’s

28
Q

Three layers of the chorionic membrane

A

1) inner layer: extraembryonic mesoderm
2) middle layer: cytotrophoblast
3) Outer layer: synctytiotrophoblast

29
Q

T/F: The secondary yolk sac is formed from the second wave of migrating epiblast cells

A

False: Hypoblast

30
Q

T/F: Once the chorionic cavity appears, the blastocyst’s yolk sac is now the secondary yolk sac

A

True

31
Q

Two functions of the secondary yolk sac

A

1) Site of origin of primordial germ cells

2) Selective transfer of nutrients to embryo

32
Q

T/F: Gastrulation happens in the third week

A

True

33
Q

During ___, the transformation of the bilaminar embryo into the trilaminar embryo occurs

A

Gastrulation

34
Q

The rapid growth of the embryo is characterized by the ___ and the ___.

A

Primitive streak and three germ layers

35
Q

The following occurrences happen in this stage:

  • Establishment of axial orientation
  • Following of notochord formation
  • Beginning of morphogenesis
A

Gastrulation

36
Q

The following are observed in the second week except:

  • Completion of implantation of blastocyst
  • Blastocyst formation
  • Formation of embryonic structures
  • Formation of extraembryonic stuctures
A

Blastocyst formation (First week)

37
Q

Canal formed in the primitive streak is called the ____. It is continuous with the small depression in the primitive node called the ___.

A

Primitive groove, Primitive Pit

38
Q

Formation of primitive streak: Proliferation and migration of cells at the ___ to the median plane of ___, from the ___ end to the ___ end.

A

Epiblast, Embryonic disk, Caudal, Cranial

39
Q

If there are remnants of the primitive streak, it can possibly lead to ___.

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

40
Q

T/F: The primitive streak marks the start of gastrulation and establishes orientation

A

True

41
Q

Sequentially arrange the steps of the development of the prechordal plate:

1) Cells stop migrating near the cranial end of embryonic disc
2) Cells proliferate to form the prechordal plate
3) Epidermal cells migrate cranially from the primitive node

A

3, 1, 2

42
Q

T/F: During the 3rd week of gastrulation, the intraembryonic mesoderm holds the ectoderm and endoderm together except at two regions: the oropharyngeal membrane and cloacal membrane

A

False - The intraembryonic mesoderm separates the ectoderm and the endoderm except at these two regions

43
Q

Oropharyngeal membrane becomes the ___ while the cloacal membrane becomes the ___.

A

Opening of oral cavity, opening of anus

44
Q

T/F: All three layers derived from the hypoblast

A

False - epiblast. Hypoblast gives rise to the primary yolk sac

45
Q

Match the following derivatives to their respective germ layer:

Notochord - \_\_\_
Thymus - \_\_\_
Nervous system - \_\_\_
Tooth enamel - \_\_\_ 
Dermis of skin - \_\_\_
Pancreas - \_\_\_
A 
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
46
Q

The following derives from the endoderm except:

Epithelial lining of digestive tract
Lining of urethra, urinary bladder, and reproductive system
Thyroid
Liver
Cornea and lens of eye
A

Cornea and lens of eye (Ectoderm)

47
Q

The following derives from the mesoderm except:

Skeletal System
Lining of body cavity
Pancreas
Adrenal cortex
Muscular System
A

Pancreas (Endoderm)

48
Q

The following derives from the ectoderm except:

Nervous system
Epithelial lining of mouth and anus
Lining of body cavity
Adrenal Medulla
Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands
A

Lining of body cavity (Mesoderm)

Cell (6 decks)

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