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FALL 12 Anatomy of Speech/Hearing > Basic Elements of Anatomy > Flashcards

Basic Elements of Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Descriptive Anatomy

A

Individual parts of the body

(homogenous)

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Anatomy of Visible Structures

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3
Q

Pathological Anatomy

A

Structural changes related to disease or disorder

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4
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

Structural changes as related to development

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5
Q

Neurology

A

Study of the nervous system

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6
Q

Supine

A

lying down, face up

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7
Q

Prone

A

Lying down, face down

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8
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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9
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

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10
Q

Superior

A

Upper, toward the head

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11
Q

Inferior

A

Lower, toward the feet

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12
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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13
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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14
Q

Superficial (external)

A

toward the surface

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15
Q

Individual parts of the body

(homogenous)

A

Descriptive Anatomy

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16
Q

Anatomy of Visible Structures

A

Gross Anatomy

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17
Q

Structural changes related to disease or disorder

A

Pathological Anatomy

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18
Q

Structural changes as related to development

A

Developmental Anatomy

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19
Q

Study of the nervous system

A

Neurology

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20
Q

lying down, face up

A

Supine

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21
Q

Lying down, face down

A

Prone

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22
Q

Toward the front

A

Anterior

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23
Q

Toward the back

A

Posterior

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24
Q

Upper, toward the head

A

Superior

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25
Q

Lower, toward the feet

A

Inferior

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26
Q

Toward the midline

A

Medial

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27
Q

Away from the midline

A

Lateral

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28
Q

Deep or internal

A

away from the surface

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29
Q

Proximal or central

A

toward the body or center

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30
Q

Distal or peripheral

A

away from the body or center

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31
Q

Sagittal

A

vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions

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32
Q

Midsagittal

A

Special when cut at midline

left and right halves

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33
Q

Frontal (Coronal)

A

Intersects the sagittal

Parallel to forehead

34
Q

Transverse

A

Divides the body into upper and lower parts

35
Q

Types of Tissues (4)

A

Epithelial

Connective

Muscular

Nervous

36
Q

Ciliated Epithelium

A

(simple columnar ciliated)

Line the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and bronchii

37
Q

Squamous Epithelium

A

(Simple flat)

line the alveoli in the lungs where oxygen transfer takes place

38
Q

Stratified Epithelium

A

(compound squamous on top of columnar)

line oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus -Food pathway

39
Q

Epithelial

A

Formed by closely approximated cells with little intercellular substance

40
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Connect or bind structures together. Combination of cells and extra-cellular substance

41
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A

Loose Connective Tissue

Dense Connective Tissue

Bone

42
Q

Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)

A

Found beneath the skin

  • Collagen membrane under epithelium
  • Adipose areolar tissue = high fat cells
  • Fascia surrounds organs and muscles
43
Q

Tendons

A

Bone to Cartilage

Fibers course in same direction as muscle

44
Q

Ligaments

A

Bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage

Fibers course in a uniform direction

45
Q

Cartilage

A

Cushions bones and provides body structure

  • Costal Cartilages: rib cage, larynx, trachea
  • Nose, pinna, epiglottis
  • Vertebrae
46
Q

Bone

A
  • Composed of cells, collagenous fibers, and inorganic salts
  • Lots of intercellular substance (calcium)
  • Lamellar structure (thin alternating layers of collagenous fibers and matrix)
  • Covered by periosteum
47
Q

away from the surface

A

Deep or internal

48
Q

toward the body or center

A

Proximal or central

49
Q

away from the body or center

A

Distal or peripheral

50
Q

vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions

A

Sagittal

51
Q

Special when cut at midline

left and right halves

A

Midsagittal

52
Q

Intersects the sagittal

Parallel to forehead

A

Frontal (Coronal)

53
Q

Divides the body into upper and lower parts

A

Transverse

54
Q

Epithelial

Connective

Muscular

Nervous

A

Types of Tissues (4)

55
Q

(simple columnar ciliated)

Line the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and bronchii

A

Ciliated Epithelium

56
Q

(Simple flat)

line the alveoli in the lungs where oxygen transfer takes place

A

Squamous Epithelium

57
Q

(compound squamous on top of columnar)

line oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus -Food pathway

A

Stratified Epithelium

58
Q

Formed by closely approximated cells with little intercellular substance

A

Epithelial

59
Q

Connect or bind structures together. Combination of cells and extra-cellular substance

A

Connective Tissue

60
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

Dense Connective Tissue

Bone

A

Types of Connective Tissue

61
Q

Found beneath the skin

  • Collagen membrane under epithelium
  • Adipose areolar tissue = high fat cells
  • Fascia surrounds organs and muscles
A

Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)

62
Q

Bone to Cartilage

Fibers course in same direction as muscle

A

Tendons

63
Q

Bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage

Fibers course in a uniform direction

A

Ligaments

64
Q

Cushions bones and provides body structure

  • Costal Cartilages: rib cage, larynx, trachea
  • Nose, pinna, epiglottis
  • Vertebrae
A

Cartilage

65
Q
  • Composed of cells, collagenous fibers, and inorganic salts
  • Lots of intercellular substance (calcium)
  • Lamellar structure (thin alternating layers of collagenous fibers and matrix)
  • Covered by periosteum
A

Bone

66
Q

Areolar Tissue

What Type of Tissue?

Where is it found?

A

Main type of Loose Connective Tissue

Found just beneath the skin

67
Q

Adipose Areolar Tissue

A

Type of areolar tissue that has high concentration of fat

68
Q

Types of Epithelial Tissue (3)

A
  1. Ciliated Epithelium
  2. Squamous Epithleium
  3. Stratified Epithelium
69
Q

Ciliated Epithelium Tissue

A

simple columnar epithelium

line nasal, larynx, trachea, & bronchii

70
Q

Squamous Epithelium Tissue

A

Simple Flat

Line the alveoli in lungs

71
Q

Stratified Epithelium

A

Compound Squamous on top of columnar

oral cavity, pharynx, & esophagus

food pathway

72
Q

Muscle Tissue Types (3)

A

Striated

Smooth

Cardiac

73
Q

Striated Muscle

involuntary or voluntary?

AKA..?

How are they arranged?

A

Voluntary Control

AKA Skeletal Muscle

Arranged in parallel bundles

74
Q

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary? Voluntary?

How are they organized?

A

Involuntary

Less organized

75
Q

Point of attachment for least mobile element

A

Origin

76
Q

Point of maximum movement for muscles =

A

Insertion

77
Q

Muscles that are Prime Movers are called

A

Agonist

78
Q

Muscles which oppose contracting muscles are

A

antagonist muscles

79
Q

Muscles that stabilize structures

A

Synerist Muscles

80
Q

In nervous tissue-

Dendrites send or receive signals?

Axons send or receive signals?

A

Dendrites receive

Axon send

FALL 12 Anatomy of Speech/Hearing (6 decks)

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