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Medical Sociology > Basic Concepts and Ideas > Flashcards

Basic Concepts and Ideas Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Stages of Illness experience

A

symptom experience
sick role
medical care contact
patient dependent role
recovery and rehabilitation

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2
Q

4 areas of compassion

A

selecting humanistic student
teaching social and behavioral science
teaching ethnics and humanities
having more positive faculty roles

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3
Q

aiken’s study

A

discontentment with:
not enough nurses for quality care
increased overall workloads
increased time spent doing non-nursing tasks

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4
Q

sociological interpretation of health

A

health - ability to properly fulfill roles within society
include:
physical function
mental health
social wellbeing
role function
symptom management
general health perceptions

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5
Q

biological interpretation of health

A

based on physiological function and abscence of symptoms

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6
Q

limitations to biological interpretation of health

A
  • health is physiological malfunctions –> NO included psychological and social functions
    -only physicians can diagnose –> friends and family are also involved
    -absence/presence of symptoms –> symptoms and reactions are too subjective (socially and culturally influences); some conditions don’t have noticeable symptoms
    -health only deals with absence of a specific disease - NOT there are wellbeing factors as well (depression and loneliness)
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7
Q

WHO definition of health

A

health is complete balance of psychological, biological and social functioning and is not just the absence of a disease

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8
Q

Dimensions of Health

A

prevention - trying to stay health
promotion - spreading knowledge on how to stay health
protection - implementing health behaviors
detection –> detecting illness

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9
Q

prescriptive

A

wear a seatbelt, exercise, have a good diet, go to checkups
more specific instructions to stay healthy

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10
Q

proscriptive

A

more generalized suggestions:
dirve safely, dont smoke, limit drinking

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11
Q

microapproach to be healthy

A

indiviudalized decisions to do or not to do something

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12
Q

macroapproach to be healthy

A

community wide changes and social structural changes
can lead to corporate resistance (tobacoo, food industries)
changes cost money!

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13
Q

labeling theory

A

another method for defining role of illness

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14
Q

sick role

A

enters state of normlessness (exiting roles) with limited responsibilities
MUST HAVE DESIRE TO GET BETTER

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15
Q

Medicalization

A

idea of increased medical power; decreased power of religion and law

sin –> law –> illness

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16
Q

effects of medicalization

A

less punitive, less stigmatizing

creates societal labels of disapproval over the idea of being “ill”

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17
Q

demedicalization

A

removing labels of illnesses

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18
Q

labeling theory

A

illnesses are completely subjective and are solely written in cultural context of society

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19
Q

range of medical care choices

A

-modern medical practioners
-alternative medical pracitioners
-non medical practioners
-lay advisors –> religious based person
-self care

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20
Q

concerns within dependent patient care

A

loss of independence and autonomy
withdrawals from important social roles –> becoming burden to others
changing body image

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21
Q

Stigmas with illnesses

A

social rejection
financial insecurity
internalized shame for illness
social isolation

22
Q

when did physicians start to gain dominance

A

early 20th century –> NO family/church

23
Q

AMA

A

increased control over supply and licensure
-great trade of 1910
-wanted complete control of medicine
-influence supply of doctors adn get rid of quacks!

24
Q

corporatalization of medicine

A

decreasing influence of medical profession by the increased power of health maintenance organizations , large hospitals, hospital construction firms, hospital corporatization, pharmaceutical corps, insurance companies

25
Q

effects of corporatization

A

profit-focused mission instead of patient focused mission
lack of physician autonomy to choose prescriptions and treatment methods

26
Q

deprofessionalization

A

decrease in control
corporate but also patient influences –> can refuse treatment, don’t have to listen to doctors, doesn’t give physician ultimate say

27
Q

proletarianism

A

idea of physicians becoming more like workers
less independent, working under whims of insurance companies and cannot do whatever they want; limitations on prescriptions, treatments, etc.

28
Q

unionization

A

increases in order to regain control over work

29
Q

AMA standards for profession

A
  1. rigorous standards
  2. lots of authority
  3. prestige and identification with profession
30
Q

social closure theory

A

AMA set standards to keep people out

31
Q

countervailing power theory

A

idea that when one group gains considerable power, other groups will naturally compete and rise in control in order to create balance in the power structure; corporatization is a natural thing that occurred in order to balance the power of the medical profession

32
Q

social control of medicine

A

idea that doctors would be able to control and regulate themselves

33
Q

internal control

A

controlling themselves

34
Q

examples of internal control in medicine

A

peer review
hospital review boards
state board of medicine
national practitioner data bank

35
Q

external control

A

outsiders would control them

36
Q

what is considered an error of internal control?

A

medical malpractice

37
Q

malpractice litigation

A

compensate patients who received injury due to physicians actions/inactions and to stop it from happening again

38
Q

consequences of malpractice crisis

A

defensive medicine
insurance costs increase –> increased costs for patients and physicians
embittered doctors
issues between doctors and lawyers
more doctors leaving the field or limiting services

39
Q

defensive medicine

A

increasing testing, doing more testing, giving more treatment options,etc. to cover and prevent the chance of being sued

40
Q

embittered doctors

A

increasing frustration among doctors who begin to see patients as “walking lawsuits”

41
Q

efforts to reduce malpractice litigation

A

capping dollar value for awards –> good for doctor/insurance; bad for patients/lawyers
no-fault insurance system –> quicker, less adversarial method; smaller payments

42
Q

no fault insurance system

A

alternative insurance that is quicker and less adversarial than normal litigation, however, it goes in much smaller payments

43
Q

physician worklife

A

high stress; hard work-life balance; increased chemical dependencies to cope with stressors

44
Q

corporatization

A

increased workload with less pay; decreased mission of service –> for profits instead of for patient

45
Q

what are schools accredited by NOW

A

Liasion Committee for Medical Education

46
Q

what were schools accredited by BEFORE

A

AMA - Council on Medical Education

47
Q

detached concern

A

emotional distance from patient due to about of knowledge to be learned as a result of the profession –> creates desensitization

48
Q

desensitization

A

not wanting to get close to your patients to the point in which you start dehumanizing them

49
Q

Can Medical residents legally practice medicine

A

Yes, but only under the supervision of another licensed physician

50
Q

avenues for becoming a nurse

A

bachelors degree
3 year hospital school of nursing
2 year community college

51
Q

Bureaucratization in nursing

A

increased; created less of a focus in patient care

52
Q

physicians assistant vs nurse practioner

A

physicians assistant is less autonomous

Medical Sociology (5 decks)

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