Basic Concepts and Ideas Flashcards
Stages of Illness experience
symptom experience
sick role
medical care contact
patient dependent role
recovery and rehabilitation
4 areas of compassion
selecting humanistic student
teaching social and behavioral science
teaching ethnics and humanities
having more positive faculty roles
aiken’s study
discontentment with:
not enough nurses for quality care
increased overall workloads
increased time spent doing non-nursing tasks
sociological interpretation of health
health - ability to properly fulfill roles within society
include:
physical function
mental health
social wellbeing
role function
symptom management
general health perceptions
biological interpretation of health
based on physiological function and abscence of symptoms
limitations to biological interpretation of health
- health is physiological malfunctions –> NO included psychological and social functions
-only physicians can diagnose –> friends and family are also involved
-absence/presence of symptoms –> symptoms and reactions are too subjective (socially and culturally influences); some conditions don’t have noticeable symptoms
-health only deals with absence of a specific disease - NOT there are wellbeing factors as well (depression and loneliness)
WHO definition of health
health is complete balance of psychological, biological and social functioning and is not just the absence of a disease
Dimensions of Health
prevention - trying to stay health
promotion - spreading knowledge on how to stay health
protection - implementing health behaviors
detection –> detecting illness
prescriptive
wear a seatbelt, exercise, have a good diet, go to checkups
more specific instructions to stay healthy
proscriptive
more generalized suggestions:
dirve safely, dont smoke, limit drinking
microapproach to be healthy
indiviudalized decisions to do or not to do something
macroapproach to be healthy
community wide changes and social structural changes
can lead to corporate resistance (tobacoo, food industries)
changes cost money!
labeling theory
another method for defining role of illness
sick role
enters state of normlessness (exiting roles) with limited responsibilities
MUST HAVE DESIRE TO GET BETTER
Medicalization
idea of increased medical power; decreased power of religion and law
sin –> law –> illness
effects of medicalization
less punitive, less stigmatizing
creates societal labels of disapproval over the idea of being “ill”
demedicalization
removing labels of illnesses
labeling theory
illnesses are completely subjective and are solely written in cultural context of society
range of medical care choices
-modern medical practioners
-alternative medical pracitioners
-non medical practioners
-lay advisors –> religious based person
-self care
concerns within dependent patient care
loss of independence and autonomy
withdrawals from important social roles –> becoming burden to others
changing body image
Stigmas with illnesses
social rejection
financial insecurity
internalized shame for illness
social isolation
when did physicians start to gain dominance
early 20th century –> NO family/church
AMA
increased control over supply and licensure
-great trade of 1910
-wanted complete control of medicine
-influence supply of doctors adn get rid of quacks!
corporatalization of medicine
decreasing influence of medical profession by the increased power of health maintenance organizations , large hospitals, hospital construction firms, hospital corporatization, pharmaceutical corps, insurance companies
effects of corporatization
profit-focused mission instead of patient focused mission
lack of physician autonomy to choose prescriptions and treatment methods
deprofessionalization
decrease in control
corporate but also patient influences –> can refuse treatment, don’t have to listen to doctors, doesn’t give physician ultimate say
proletarianism
idea of physicians becoming more like workers
less independent, working under whims of insurance companies and cannot do whatever they want; limitations on prescriptions, treatments, etc.
unionization
increases in order to regain control over work
AMA standards for profession
- rigorous standards
- lots of authority
- prestige and identification with profession
social closure theory
AMA set standards to keep people out
countervailing power theory
idea that when one group gains considerable power, other groups will naturally compete and rise in control in order to create balance in the power structure; corporatization is a natural thing that occurred in order to balance the power of the medical profession
social control of medicine
idea that doctors would be able to control and regulate themselves
internal control
controlling themselves
examples of internal control in medicine
peer review
hospital review boards
state board of medicine
national practitioner data bank
external control
outsiders would control them
what is considered an error of internal control?
medical malpractice
malpractice litigation
compensate patients who received injury due to physicians actions/inactions and to stop it from happening again
consequences of malpractice crisis
defensive medicine
insurance costs increase –> increased costs for patients and physicians
embittered doctors
issues between doctors and lawyers
more doctors leaving the field or limiting services
defensive medicine
increasing testing, doing more testing, giving more treatment options,etc. to cover and prevent the chance of being sued
embittered doctors
increasing frustration among doctors who begin to see patients as “walking lawsuits”
efforts to reduce malpractice litigation
capping dollar value for awards –> good for doctor/insurance; bad for patients/lawyers
no-fault insurance system –> quicker, less adversarial method; smaller payments
no fault insurance system
alternative insurance that is quicker and less adversarial than normal litigation, however, it goes in much smaller payments
physician worklife
high stress; hard work-life balance; increased chemical dependencies to cope with stressors
corporatization
increased workload with less pay; decreased mission of service –> for profits instead of for patient
what are schools accredited by NOW
Liasion Committee for Medical Education
what were schools accredited by BEFORE
AMA - Council on Medical Education
detached concern
emotional distance from patient due to about of knowledge to be learned as a result of the profession –> creates desensitization
desensitization
not wanting to get close to your patients to the point in which you start dehumanizing them
Can Medical residents legally practice medicine
Yes, but only under the supervision of another licensed physician
avenues for becoming a nurse
bachelors degree
3 year hospital school of nursing
2 year community college
Bureaucratization in nursing
increased; created less of a focus in patient care
physicians assistant vs nurse practioner
physicians assistant is less autonomous
