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Basic Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Define a Closed Thermodynamic System

A

Mass of the substance Stays Constant

Energy is allowed to Cross the Boundary

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2
Q

Define an Open Thermodynamic System

A

Mass of the substance is allowed to Cross the Boundary

Energy is allowed to Cross the Boundary

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3
Q

Define Thermodynamic System

Define Surroundings

Define Boundary

A

a substance confined within walls which separate it from the surroundings

Everything External to the System, outside of the Walls

Walls which distinguish the system from the Surroundings

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4
Q

Describe what a property of a System is?

A

Macroscopic characteristic, to which a numerical Value can be assigned

Mass
Volume
Energy
Pressure
Temperatire

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5
Q

What is the State of a System is ?

A

The Condition of a system described by numerical values of its properties

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6
Q

Describe what a Thermodynamic Process is?

A

Transformation of the system from one State to Another

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7
Q

What is an Extensive Property

A

Depends on the matter within the System .

If you change the mass within the system , this property will change too.

Volume

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8
Q

What is an Intensive Property

A

Does not depend on the matter within the System.

If you change the mass , this will have no effect on the value of this property

Temperaure, Density

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9
Q

What does Diathermic Mean

A

Non-Rigid walls that permit the change of state when two closed systems come into thermal contact

Allows the Exchange of Energy

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10
Q

What does Adiabatic Mean

A

Rigid walls that does not permit the change of state when two closed systems come into thermal contact

Rigid Walls Doesnt allow the exchange of energy

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11
Q

Name the Si Units for the following Properties

Mass
Length
time
force
density
specific Volume
pressure

A

Mass - kg
Length - m
time - s
force - n
density - kg/m^3
specific Volume m^3/kg
pressure - Pa or N/m^2

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12
Q

Why is specific volume favored over density

A

Were usually working with gasses with extremely small densities

Specific Volume gives a numerical value easier to work with.

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13
Q

What is Absolute Pressure

What is Guage Pressure

What are Vaccum Pressures

A

The pressure of a system relative to an Absolute Vaccum

The Pressure of a system relative to atmospheric pressure
pGuage = pAbsolute - pAtmopsheric

The Pressure of a system relative to atmospheric pressure
pVacuum= pAtmopsheric - pAbsolute

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14
Q

Define what Heat is

A

The energy transferred between two systems in thermal contact due to a difference in temperature

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15
Q

Define Thermal Equilibrium

A

When the Transfer of Heat between two systems in thermal contact ceases

Temperature is the only determining factor whether two systems are in thermal equilibrium

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16
Q

What does the Temperature tell us about a system

A

Parameter which tells us the most probable distributions of electrons over the available energy states (Boltzmann distribution)

Temperature Increases, localised electrons migrate to higher energy levels

Infinite temperature, all levels are equally populated
Absolute Zero only the lowest state is populated

The Higher the temperature the larger the kinetic energy

17
Q

What does Pressure tell us about a system.

A

Parameter that enables us to predict when the two systems will be in mechanical equilibrium regardless of composition or size

(position of a piston between two chambers)

18
Q

What is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

A

A,B,C are 3 separate thermodynamic systems
If A is in thermal equilibrium with B
, and if B is in thermal equilibrium with C
If A and C are brought into Thermal Contact then both will be in thermal equilibrium,

19
Q

What is the Formula to Convert :
Convert Celcius to Farenheit
Celcius to Kelvin

A

(1.8 * Celsius) + 32

Celsius + 273.15

20
Q

Explain Absolute Zero

A

Pressure of a Gas is proportional to its temperature.

Proportionality Constant is different for Different Gasses

All Gasses reach zero pressure at the same temperature (Absolute Zero)

21
Q

What is the Formula for the Coefficient of Linear Expansion?
Explain what it is?

A

Most substances Expand when heated

They Change linear length in direct proportion to the change in temperature

22
Q

What is the Formula for the Coefficient of Area Expansion?
Explain what it is?

A

Most substances Expand when heated

They Change linear length in direct proportion to the change in temperature

We derive the change in area by the sum of the linear expansion in the X and Y directions

23
Q

What is the Formula for the Coefficient of Area Expansion?
Explain what it is?

A

Most substances Expand when heated

They Change linear length in direct proportion to the change in temperature

We derive the change in Volume by the sum of the linear expansions in the X, Y and Z directions

24
Q

What is the difference between Conduction, Convection and Radiation

A

Conduction, Heat transfer between systems that are in direct contact with each other

Convection, Heat transferred between two objects by the fluid movement of the substance

Radiation is the Transmission of Energy By waves or the emission of particles

25
Q

What is Stored Energy [kJ]

A

E = U + KE + PE

U = ke + pe , Sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the gas particles at a microscopic level within the system, Depend on the change in gas temperature (different to capital letter version)
KE + PE = Kinetic and Potential Energies of the Whole System at a macroscopic level

E = Stored Energy

26
Q

Derive how Ke = 0.5mV^2

A
27
Q

Derive how Pe = mg*change in height

A
28
Q

What is the formula for Heat rate

A
29
Q

Define Positive Heat and Negative Heat

A

Q> 0 , energy is being transferred into the system , due to a difference in temperature
Q<0 , energy is being transferred out of the system , due to a difference in temperature

30
Q

What are the 4 types of Work?

A
31
Q

What is the Formula for Boundary Work

Derive it.

A
32
Q

What is the formula for Boundary Work at Constant Pressure?

What does the Pressure of the Gas enclosed by an airtight piston in a cylinder, assume the , due to a difference in temperature Piston is perpendicular to the Ground

A

Wb = p(V2-V1)

33
Q

Define Positive Boundary Work and Negative Boundary Work

A

W>0 , work is done by the system, the system does work on its surroundings as it expands. Energy leaves the system due to heat

W<0 , work is done on he system, work is done on the system as its compressed . Energy enters the system due to Heat

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