Basic challenge 3 Flashcards
What types of genome can a virus have?
- ds DNA
- ss DNA
- ss RNA
- ds RNA
What does it mean when a virus has - or+ sense?
+ sense means it has the coding gene
- sense means it has the non-coding gene
Viruses can consist of only a capsid or enveloped, what are the main difference of these?
- enveloped viruses gain their envelopes of the cell membrane when budding.
- enveloped viruses are fragile and can resist less than capsid viruses
What are the 2 ways of a virus to enter the host cells?
- endocytosis ( engulfed by the cell membrane resulting in a vesicle, then fusingwith the vesicles to release the genome in the cell)
- fusion ( virus membrane fuses with the cell membrane to immediately release the genome in the cell)
What are the steps of replication of the virus?
- virus attachment to cell
- entry
- uncoating
- reverse transcriptase ( if needed)
- integration (also if needed)
- transcription
- translation
- assembly
- budding/exocytosis
- release
What type of virus is the sars-cov 2 virus?
an enveloped, ss+ virus
What are the 3 types of vaccination for covid?
- mRNA
- protein-based
- viral vectors
What are some treatments for HIV?
nnRTI’S : non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
- ART : antiretroviral therapy
- cART : combination antiretroviral therapy
- HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy
What type of virus is HIV?
ssRNA+
What types of HIV are there?
HIV-1: M(major subtype A-K)
O (outlier)
N (non-M, new or non-O)
P
HIV-2: A-H. only A and B are epidemic in western africa
how can HIV be transmitted?
- sexual
- mother to child (in utero, perinatal, breastfeeding)
- parentera (needle-stick)
Why is HIV different from other virusses?
HIV can finish reverse transcription while still being encapsulated. It only uncoats in the nucleus, which results in evading the intracellular alarms systems (TLR 3, 7 and 8)
