Basic challenge 1 Flashcards
In what ways can you classify bacteria?
- cell wall structure (- or +)
- bacteria structure (coccus, bacillus etc.)
- oxygen demand (aerobic, facultative and anaerobic)
What are the different microbial ecosystems that differ across the body?
- oral microbiome
- skin microbiome
- respiratory microbiome
- gut microbiome
- genital tract
What is the difference in the skin microbiomal niches?
- dry niches have both gram+ and gram- bacteria
- moist niches have a less diversee microbiome
- oily niches have the least diverse microbiome
Why is staphylococcus epidermis an essential part of skin microbiome?
s. epidermis can produce proteases, bacteriocins and quorumsensing interferens that inhibit s. aureus and c. acnes. it also produces SCFA that promote wound healing, limit inflammation and prevent infection.
How does the gut microbiota develop in childhood?
the mothermilk contains complex carbohydrates that induce growth intestinal bifidobacteria. this will result in fermentation that will lower the pH. After a switch to cow milk, the bifidobacteria will decrease and 6 major phyla will hom in the gut.
What are the functions of the gut?
- fermentation
- immune system maturation
- protection against pathogens
- creation of secondart bileacids
- metabolise toxins and carcinogens
- synthesis of nutrients like vit. k
What are the major phyla that will eventually home the gut after childhood?
- actinobacteria
- bacteroidota
- firmicutes fusobacteria
- protobacteria
- verrucomicrobia
- bifido bacteria
What is the difference between true and opportunistic pathogens?
- true pathogens = disease in any susceptible host, does not matter when the immune system is good or not
- opportunistic = when the immune system is compromised, the commensal can become pathogenic. Can also happen when a commensal is in the wrong place (E. coli in UTI) this is also possible when there is a dysbiosis.
