Basic Brain Anatomy Flashcards
what cranial nerves are in the midrain?
CN III & IV
– Auditory & visual reflex centres
what cranial nerves are in the pons?
– CN V, VI, VII, VIII
– pons acts as a relay station between cerebellum & cerebrum
what cranial nerves are in the medulla?
– CN IX, X, XI, XII
– respiratory, cardiac, vasomotor & autonomic centres
components of the diencephalon
anterior group of thalamic nuclei
hypothalamus
mamillary body
components of the cerebrum
cingulate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus
hippocampus
what are the regions of the prefrontal cortex?
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
what is dorsolateral prefrontal cortex involved in
- Planning
- Working memory
- Cognitive flexibility
- Attention
- Cognitive decline
- Apathy
what are orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex involved in
- Decision making (emotional connections)
- Social attachments
- Regulation of emotions
- Impulse control and response inhibition
- Behavioural change
what are Fronto-temporal circuits
fronto-temporal circuits are functional connections between the temporal
(especially limbic lobe) and frontal areas
these circuits have key roles in a number of neuropsychiatric diseases
what occurs when the neuroectoderm differentiates
neuroectodermal tissues differentiate from the ectoderm and thicken into the neural plate. the neural plate border separates the ectoderm from the neural plate
what occurs when the neural plate bends dorsally
the neural plate bends dorsally, with the two ends eventually joining at the neural plate border, which are now referred to as the neural crest
what occurs when the neural plate bends dorsally to form neural tubes
the closure of the neural tubes disconnects the neural crest from the epidermis. neural crest cells differentiate to form most of the peripheral nervous system
what occurs when mesoderm turns into somites
the notochord degenerates and only persists as the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs. Other mesoderm cells differentiate into the somites, the precursors of the axial skeleton and skeletal muscle
