Basic Botany Flashcards
What do stems usually consist of?
Dermal, ground, and vascular tissue
Above-ground branches that root at the nodes or tips to produce new plants
Runners or creeping stems
What are underground runners called?
Rhizomes
Rhizomes that are swollen at the distal end
Tubers
What is an example of a tuber?
Potato
What is formed when the main stem is swollen to form a food store?
Corms
Anatomy of the Leaf Matching
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Features of the leaf: Stomata
Govern gaseous exchange
Features of the leaf: Guard Cells
Either side of each stoma which open and close according to their turgor pressure: they swell with water to open the stoma and allow gaseous exchange in the day; they lose water and become flaccid to close the stoma at night or to reduce water loss during times of drought
Leaf Modification: Tendril
Used for climbing. May be formed from either a leaflet or a whole leaf.
Leaf Modification: Scale Leaf
Found on rhizomes or covering and protecting buds.
Leaf Modification: Bulb
These are formed from leaves swollen for food storage. These usually grow underground
Plant Hormone: Auxin - indoleacetic acid
Encourages cell enlargement, bud formation and root initiation. It can be made artificially (and is sold commercially as Rooting Hormone). It inhibits the growth of buds lower down the stems.
Plant Hormone: Cytokinins
Influence cell division and shoot formation, working synergistically with auxin. They delay aging of tissues.
Plant Hormone: Ethylene
Controls ripening of fruit – when the seeds are mature, ethylene production increases and builds up within the fruit, triggering final ripening. The release of ethylene by ripe bananas is why they shouldn’t be placed in a fruit bowl with other fruit: they will make them ripen too quickly.
