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Fitness Trainer > Basic Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Basic Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Fatty acids

A

Any of a large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal and vegetable fats and oils.

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1
Q

Tissue

A

A collection of similar cells and their intracellular substances.

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2
Q

Triglycerides

A

The storage form of fat made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol group.

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3
Q

Insulin

A

A polypeptide hormone functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, especially the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level.

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4
Q

Glucose

A

Principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body.

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5
Q

Glycogen granule

A

Structure of the cell that stores glycogen and enzymes for glycogen breakdown and synthesis.

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6
Q

Glycolysis

A

The metabolic process that creates energy from the splitting of glucose to form pyruvic acid or lactic acid and ATP.

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7
Q

Squamous epithelium

A

Epithelium consisting of one or more cell layers, the most superficial of which is composed of flat, scale like or platelite cells

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8
Q

Cuboidal epithelium

A

Epithelium tissue consisting of one or more cell layers, the most superficial of which is composed of cube shaped or somewhat prismatic cells.

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9
Q

Columnar epithelium

A

Epithelium consisting of one or more cell layers, the most superficial of which is composed of elongated and somewhat cylindrical cells projecting toward the surface.

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10
Q

Glandular

A

Of, relating to, affecting, or resembling a gland or its secretion.

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11
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

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12
Q

Ligaments

A

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage.

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13
Q

Integumentary system

A

Bodily system consisting of the skin and its associated structure, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

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14
Q

Skeletal system

A

System consisting of bone and cartilage that supports and protects the body.

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15
Q

Muscular system

A

System consisting of large skeletal muscles that allow us to move, cardiac muscle in the heart, and smooth muscle of the internal organs.

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16
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Subsystem of the circulatory system, which protect the body against disease.

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17
Q

Urinary system

A

Main excretory system of the body, which consists of the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra.

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18
Q

Reproductive system

A

System consisting of gonads, associated ducts, and external genitals concerned with sexual reproduction.

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19
Q

Respiratory system

A

System consisting of the lungs and air passageways, which supplies oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.

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20
Q

Hemoglobin

A

An oxygen transporting protein found in blood cells.

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21
Q

Vital capacity

A

The useable portion of the lungs.

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22
Q

Maximum minute volume

A

The amount of air that a person can process during one minute of vigorous exercise.

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23
Q

Residual volume

A

The remainder of the air in the lungs after the usable lung volume has been measured.

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24
Q

Circulatory system

A

System consisting of the heart and blood vessels that serves as the transportation system.

25
Q

Plasma

A

The fluid portion of blood.

26
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Blood cells that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that had no nucleus. Red blood cells.

27
Q

Leukocyte

A

Cell whose primary function is to combat infections. White blood cells.

28
Q

Platelet

A

Cytoplasmic body found in the blood plasma that functions to promote blood clotting.

29
Q

Alveoli

A

Capillary rich air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

30
Q

Law of Gaseous Diffusion

A

Principle that states that a gas will move across a semipermeable membrane (alveolar, capillary, etc.) from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

31
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels during the refilling of the heart

32
Q

Metabolism

A

All of the chemical processes that take place in the body that are necessary for the maintenance of life.

33
Q

Anaerobic

A

Occurring without the use of oxygen.

34
Q

Aerobic

A

Occurring with the use of oxygen, or requiring oxygen.

35
Q

Resting heart rate

A

The number of times the heart beats in one minute. 72 beats per minute for the average adult.

36
Q

Maximum heart rate

A

The highest rate at which an individual is capable. 220 minus trainees age is equivalent to maximum heart rate

37
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

An automatic system that speeds up most activities in the body. I’m

38
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Two glands that release hormones that help the body to cope with stress.

39
Q

Stroke volume

A

The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle during one contraction.

40
Q

Left ventricle ejection fraction

A

The percentage of blood inside the left ventricle pushed out into the body after contraction.

41
Q

Max VO2 uptake

A

The maximum usable portion of oxygen uptake.

42
Q

Digestive system

A

System consisting of the digestive tract and glands that secrete digestive juices into the digestive tract. Responsible for the breakdown of foods and waste elimination.

43
Q

Digestion

A

The process of mechanical of chemical breakdown of food into absorbable molecules.

44
Q

Macronutrients

A

A category of nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that are present in foods in large amounts.

45
Q

Fructose

A

Fruit sugar

46
Q

Lipogenesis

A

The formation of fat.

47
Q

Nervous system

A

System comprised of brain, spinal cord, sense organs, and nerves. Regulates other systems.

48
Q

Nerve impulse

A

A brief reversal of the membrane potential that sweeps along the membrane of a neuron.

49
Q

Central nervous system

A

System comprised of the brain and spinal column.

50
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

System designed to cause action; consists of the somatic and autonomic systems.

51
Q

Somatic system

A

System responsible for voluntary action.

52
Q

Autonomic system

A

System that processes and activates involuntary action.

53
Q

Afferent system

A

The part of the PNS that sends messages to the CNS.

54
Q

Contraction

A

The shortening of a muscle of increase in tension

55
Q

Endocrine system

A

System consisting of the glands and tissues that release hormones. It works with the nervous system in regulating metabolic activities.

56
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates an increase in blood sugar levels, thus opposing the action of insulin

57
Q

Glycogen oldies

A

Process describing the cleavage of glucose from the glycogen molecule.

58
Q

Growth hormone

A

A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that affects skeletal growth rate and bodily weight gain

59
Q

Epinephrine

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal gland that cause the “flight or fight” response.

60
Q

Cortisol

A

A corticosteroids that causes a breakdown of protein in muscles.

61
Q

Kerosine

A

An abnormal increase of ketone bodies in the body, usually the result of a low carb diet, fasting, or starvation.

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