Basic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial bones are there?

A

8

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2
Q

What are the cranial bones?

A

2 temporal, 2 parietal, sphenoid, frontal, occipital and ethmoid

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3
Q

How many facial skeletal bones are there?

A

14

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4
Q

What is the above and below transverse of the nose called in terms of bones?

A

Above = cranium bones
Below = facial bones

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5
Q

What is the only mobile bone in the body?

A

The Mandible

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6
Q

What are the sutures?

A

5 Sutures;
Squamous suture
Sphenoparietal suture
Pterion
Bregma (coronal and sagittal)
Lambda (lambdoid and sagittal)

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7
Q

What are the neck/throat features?

A

Mandible, Hyoid, Common Carotid Artery, Thyroid, Cricoid, Tracheal Rings, Manubrium, Clavicle and Subclavian Artery

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8
Q

What causes blowout fractures?

A

When the maxillary bones goes into the maxillary sinuses or a break of any of the 7 orbital bones that traps the extraocular muscles.

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9
Q

What’s known as the triangle of death?

A

Paranasal Sinuses

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10
Q

What is it called when you cut a hole between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages during airway emergencies?

A

Cricothyrotomy

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11
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles for? What are they called?

A

For deglutition (swallowing) by moving the hyoid bones upwards
Genio, Mylo, Diagstric and Stylo (from front)

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12
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles for? What are they called?

A

For moving the larynx for speaking and depresses the hyoid bone
Called Sterno, Omo, Thyro (side view)

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13
Q

What are the scalene muscles?

A

Accessory respiratory muscles called the anterior, middle and posterior that attach to the cervical spine in the neck and to the 1st and 2nd ribs

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14
Q

Where does the common carotid split?

A

2 becomes 4 at C4 (become the internal and external carotid). Internal = Cranial and External = Facial. This is called bifurcation within the carotid triangle

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15
Q

Where does neck venous drainage occur?

A

Internal and external jugulars

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16
Q

What’s in the cavernous sinus?

A

OTOMA - Oculomotor, Trochlear, Ophthalmic, Maxillary and Abducens.
Anterior cerebral and Internal carotid

17
Q

What’s an infection of the cavernous sinus called?

A

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

18
Q

What is ophthalmoplegia?

A

Paralysis / weakness of eye muscles

19
Q

What’s the dens and atlas for?

A

Part of the vertebrae that allow for communication to allow rotation of the neck. Have transverse and vertebral foramen.

20
Q

What are the 3 types of vertebrae?

A

Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar

Cervical include the vertebral arteries. Thoracic have longer and larger transverse foramen and processes and allow for lateral rotation. Lumbar is the largest.

21
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

A

An autoimmune condition causing signal transmission issues at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

22
Q

What does Myasthenia Gravis lead to?

A

Ptosis, diplopia, loss of control of facial expression, chewing, swallowing and speaking

23
Q

What is in the pterygoid canal?

A

Pterygoid nerve and vessels

24
Q

What is in the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular nerve and lesser petrosal nerve

25
Q

What is in the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

26
Q

What is in the foramen magnum?

A

Brain and spinal cord, vertebral arteries and spinal arteries