Basic Anatomy Flashcards
How many cranial bones are there?
8
What are the cranial bones?
2 temporal, 2 parietal, sphenoid, frontal, occipital and ethmoid
How many facial skeletal bones are there?
14
What is the above and below transverse of the nose called in terms of bones?
Above = cranium bones
Below = facial bones
What is the only mobile bone in the body?
The Mandible
What are the sutures?
5 Sutures;
Squamous suture
Sphenoparietal suture
Pterion
Bregma (coronal and sagittal)
Lambda (lambdoid and sagittal)
What are the neck/throat features?
Mandible, Hyoid, Common Carotid Artery, Thyroid, Cricoid, Tracheal Rings, Manubrium, Clavicle and Subclavian Artery
What causes blowout fractures?
When the maxillary bones goes into the maxillary sinuses or a break of any of the 7 orbital bones that traps the extraocular muscles.
What’s known as the triangle of death?
Paranasal Sinuses
What is it called when you cut a hole between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages during airway emergencies?
Cricothyrotomy
What are the suprahyoid muscles for? What are they called?
For deglutition (swallowing) by moving the hyoid bones upwards
Genio, Mylo, Diagstric and Stylo (from front)
What are the infrahyoid muscles for? What are they called?
For moving the larynx for speaking and depresses the hyoid bone
Called Sterno, Omo, Thyro (side view)
What are the scalene muscles?
Accessory respiratory muscles called the anterior, middle and posterior that attach to the cervical spine in the neck and to the 1st and 2nd ribs
Where does the common carotid split?
2 becomes 4 at C4 (become the internal and external carotid). Internal = Cranial and External = Facial. This is called bifurcation within the carotid triangle
Where does neck venous drainage occur?
Internal and external jugulars
What’s in the cavernous sinus?
OTOMA - Oculomotor, Trochlear, Ophthalmic, Maxillary and Abducens.
Anterior cerebral and Internal carotid
What’s an infection of the cavernous sinus called?
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
What is ophthalmoplegia?
Paralysis / weakness of eye muscles
What’s the dens and atlas for?
Part of the vertebrae that allow for communication to allow rotation of the neck. Have transverse and vertebral foramen.
What are the 3 types of vertebrae?
Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar
Cervical include the vertebral arteries. Thoracic have longer and larger transverse foramen and processes and allow for lateral rotation. Lumbar is the largest.
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
An autoimmune condition causing signal transmission issues at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
What does Myasthenia Gravis lead to?
Ptosis, diplopia, loss of control of facial expression, chewing, swallowing and speaking
What is in the pterygoid canal?
Pterygoid nerve and vessels
What is in the foramen ovale?
Mandibular nerve and lesser petrosal nerve
What is in the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
What is in the foramen magnum?
Brain and spinal cord, vertebral arteries and spinal arteries
