Basal Ganglia Functional Roles Flashcards
What are the very generalized roles of the basal ganglia : 3 roles
Implementation of motor plans (Start and Stop)
Develops motor plans in relation to motivational and sensory cues (Transition from one movement to another)
Emotional behaviors and cognitive functions.
What components make up the Striatum?
The caudate and puntamen.
What is the overall function of the direct pathway of the basal nuclei?
Initiating motor function and movement.
What components make up the neostriatum
The puntamen and the cauate nucleus
What components make up the paleostriatum?
the globus pallidus.
What are the two inputs to the basal ganglia?
Both excitatory to the striatum
Thalamus - Thalamostriatal
Cortex - Corticostriate
Where does the striatum project in the direct pathway?
Projects directly to the GPi/SNr.
Where does the striatum project to in the indirect pathway?
Striatum reports to GPe
GPe to subthalamic nucleus or GPi/SNr
STN reports to the GPi/SNr
Which neurotransmiters are released from the corticostriate and thalmostriatal projections?
These are excitatory and release glutamate onto the medium spiny neurons in the striatum.
Where do medium spiny neurons of the striatum travel and what do they release?
These travel from the striatum to the globus pallidus.
Are inhibitory releasing GABA.
The substantia nigra pars compacta releases what neurotransmitter on the striatum?
Releases Dopamine having either an excitatory or inhibitory function.
What causes Parkinsons?
The substantia nigra compacta doesnt release dopamine onto the striatum.
The dopamine is essential for the initiation of movement via the thalamus (GPi) and subthalamus (GPe).
What are the symptoms of hemibalismus?
Improper uncontrollable flinging of the limbs on one side of the body.
If both called ballismus.
What is the pathophysiology of ballismus?
Lesion within the subthalamic nucleus causing an overreactive Thalamus.
What are the symptoms of huntingtons diesease?
Chorea
Dementia
Slow voluntary movements
