BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES

Question 1

CHOREA HUNTINGTON

Answer 1

PREDOMINATLY OF INDIRECT PATHWAY
§patient cannot stop the involuntary movements §movement without apparent purpose
I. Hyperkinetic disorder
- excessive involuntary movement = dyskinesia
- Huntington‘s disease (Degeneration of striatum) - reduced activity of indirect pathway

Question 2

PARKINSON‘S DISEASE

Answer 2

II. Hypokinetic disorder:

• reduced voluntary movement = bradykinesia or hypokinesia - Parkinsons disease (degeneration of the SNc)
• Drug-induced (MPTP) (degeneration of the SNc)
• reduced activity of direct pathway
• increased activity of indirect pathway

Question 3

PARKINSON‘S DISEASE SYMPTOMS

Answer 3

tremor
Mask like face
Elbow & wrist joints flexed
tremor
Stooped posture
Rigidity
Hips & knee Slightly flexed

Question 4

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s patients

Answer 4

STIMUALTES DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN
Usually the electrode is inserted in STN, GPi, or PPN to modulate their functions
§Decrease of inhibition through indirect pathway ameliorates akinesia, bradykinesia, and rigidity

Question 5

PARKINSON - not just a disorder of movement

Answer 5

psychosis
neuro-degenration
cognitive impairment
depression anxiety
motor fluctuation
dyskinesia