Basal ganglia, cerebellum, control of movement

Question 1

Name the extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobes.

Answer 1

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 2

Name the 3 stalks that attach the cerebellum to the brainstem:

Answer 2

Peduncles

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 3

1. Molecular layer
2. Purkinje cell layer
3. Granule cell layer

Question 4

Afferent inputs to the cerebellum are from the:

1. Spinal cord (______and _______ receptors)
2. ____ cortex
3. _____ apparatus

Answer 4

1. priorioceptors and pressure receptors
2. cerebral cortex
3. vestibular apparatus

Question 5

Efferent outputs of the Cerebellum are via the ______ cells. These synapse in the ____ _____ nuclei, where they coordinate ____ ____ function.

Answer 5

Efferent outputs of the Cerebellum are via the Purkinje cells. These synapse in the deep cerebellar nuclei, where they coordinate motor tract function.

Question 6

The axons of deep cerebellar nuclei synapse in the ______, which sends fibres to the motor cortex.

Answer 6

The axons of deep cerebellar nuclei synapse in the thalamus, which sends fibres to the motor cortex.

Question 7

Lesions to a cerebellar hemisphere result in symptoms to the _______ side of the body

Answer 7

Lesions to a cerebellar hemisphere result in symptoms to the ipsilateral side of the body

Question 8

Describe the signs and symptoms of bilateral cerebellar dysfunction:

Answer 8

DANISH:
Disdiadokinesia
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Slurred speach
Hypotonicity

Question 9

Midline cerebellum lesions result in loss of ____ control

Answer 9

Midline cerebellum lesions result in loss of postural control

Question 10

List the components of the Basal Ganglia:

Answer 10

• caudate nucleus
• putamen
• globus pallidus
• subthalamic nucleus
• substantia nigra

Question 11

List 3 functions of the Basal Ganglia:

Answer 11

• facilitate purposeful movement
• inhibit unwanted movement
• posture and muscle tone

Question 12

What is the location of substantia nigra?

Answer 12

Midbrain

Question 13

Loss of ____ _____ is characteristic of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 13

Loss of substantia nigra is characteristic of Parkinson’s disease

Question 14

The Basal Ganglia enhance desired movement via the direct/indirect pathway

Answer 14

The Basal Ganglia enhance desired movement via the direct pathway

Question 15

_____ pathway inhibits the outflow of the thalamus, suppressing unwanted movement

Answer 15

Indirect pathway inhibits the outflow of the thalamus, suppressing unwanted movement

Question 16

Basal ganglion lesions affect the ______ side of the body.

Answer 16

Basal ganglion lesions affect the contralateral side of the body.

Question 17

What are the signs of basal ganglia lesions?

Answer 17

• Altered muscle tone
• Dyskinesias:
  
  • tremor
  • chorea (rapid asymmetrical movements)
• muscle jerks

Question 18

List 3 signs/symptoms of Parkinson’s DIsease:

Answer 18

• akinesia (loss of voluntary movement)
• rigidity
• resting tremor

Question 19

Huntington’s disease is progressive degeneration of the ____ _____ and ____ ____

Answer 19

Huntington’s disease is progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex