Basal Ganglia (BG

Question 1

Basal Ganglia (BG

Answer 1

Complex set of large subcortical structures

Organizes Behavior, esp (tho not only) learned, task-based sequences

Question 2

Includes

Answer 2

Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Claustrum, all of which exchange info with each other

Question 3

Caudate Nuc + Putamen

Answer 3

(AKA “Striatum”) mainly receive sensori-motor from Thalamus, Tegmentum, & Cortex

Question 4

• Globus Pallidus sends output up to…

Answer 4

…Motor Cortex via Thalamus, and down via Red Nucleus to Cerebellum & Cord

Question 5

Claustrum,

Answer 5

just sub-cortical to Insula, connects w/Cortex, esp Frontal & Sensory (Topo map of Sensory Cortex!)

Question 6

Note: Basal Ganglia a “Re-entrant” system

Answer 6

cycling info from Cortex to Sub-Cortical structures & back again

Question 7

Motor and More!

Answer 7

• Involved in direction and amplitude of slow, smooth-changing, voluntary movements
• May also be implicated in “automating” complex sequential processes (e.g. driving) & in “selecting” use
• Overactive links with Prefrontal Cortex => Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: repeat behavior, no task satisfaction
• Also has direct connections with Limbic System, including Amygdala (Emotion) & Nucleus Accumbens (Reinf)

Question 8

Involved in direction and amplitude of slow, smooth-changing, voluntary movements

Answer 8

(e. g. posture, walking)

- Pathology includes Parkinson’s Disease (see below)

Question 9

• May also be implicated in “automating” complex sequential processes (e.g. driving) & in “selecting” use

Answer 9

• i.e. Use stored information to guide use; Produce habit when discern that conditions are met, etc.

Question 10

• Overactive links with Prefrontal Cortex =>

Answer 10

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: repeat behavior, no task satisfaction

• Other Prefrontal links implicated in Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD): difficulty in staying on task

Question 11

direct connections

Answer 11

with Limbic System, including Amygdala (Emotion) & Nucleus Accumbens (Reinf)