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Neuro 2 > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 components make up the basal ganglia?

A
  • corpus striatum
  • amygdaloid nucleus
  • claustrum
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2
Q

which structures are closely related to the basal ganglia?

A
  • subthalamic nuclei (from diencephalon)
  • substantia nigra (from midbrain)
  • red nucleus
    note: not anatomically related
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3
Q

what is the role of the basal nuclei?

A

important role in control of posture and voluntary movement

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4
Q

what makes up the corpus striatum?

A

caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus
note: divided by internal capsule

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5
Q

what makes up the striatum (neostriatum)?

A

caudate nucleus and putamen
note: head of caudate is continuous with putamen of lentiform nucleus

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6
Q

caudate nucleus lies medial to the thalamus. T or F.

A

F
lies lateral

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7
Q

head of the caudate forms the lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. T or F.

A

T

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8
Q

the tail of the caudate nucleus terminates anteriorly in the amygdaloid nucleus. T or F.

A

T

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9
Q

lentiform nucleus separates the caudate nucleus from the thalamus. T or F.

A

T

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10
Q

what makes up the lentiform nucleus?

A

putamen and globus pallidus

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11
Q

whats the function of the amygdaloid nucleus?

A

it can influence the bodys response to environmental changes eg if you sense fear it can increase ur heart rate, blood pressure etc.

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12
Q

what are the main sites for receiving input to the basal nuclei?

A

caudate nucleus and putamen

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13
Q

the basal ganglia receives no direct input from or output to the spinal cord. T or F.

A

T

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14
Q

what are the corpus striatum afferent fibers?

A
  • corticostriate fibers
  • thalamostriate fibers
  • nigrostriatal fibers
  • brainstem striatal fibers
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15
Q

where does the corticostriate fibers come from and go?

A

axons from all parts of cerebral cortex to the caudate nucleus and putamen
note: largest input is from the sensory motor cortex

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16
Q

what is the neurotransmitter of the corticostriate fibers?

A

Glutamate

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17
Q

what are the corpus striatum efferent fibers?

A

striatopallidal and striatonigral fibers

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18
Q

chorea, athetosis and ballism are examples of what kind of kinetic disorders?

A

hyperkinetic

19
Q

what is huntington disease?

A

Autosomal dominant disease with choreiform movements and progressive dementia.
GABA, substance P and ACH neurons of the striatonigral inhibitory pathway degenerate. As a result the dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra dominate. Thus the nigrostriatal pathway inhibits the caudate and putamen

20
Q

what is sydenham chorea?

A

Rapid, irregular, involuntary movements of the limbs, face and trunk occur. This condition is associated with rheumatic fever and antibodies form against the basal ganglia neurons.

21
Q

what is hemiballismus?

A

Involuntary movement confined to one side of the body. The lesion is usually a small stroke occurring in the opposite subthalamic nuclei

22
Q

what is parkinson disease?

A

Associated with neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra. Results in a reduction in the release of dopamine which leads to hypersensitivity of the dopamine receptors in the post synaptic neurons in the striatum.

23
Q

what are the characteristic signs and symptoms of parkinsons

A

tremor
rigidity
bradykinesis
postural disturbances

24
Q

what are the globus pallidus afferent fibers?

A

Striatopallidal fibers

25
Q

what are the globus pallidus efferent fibers?

A

Pallidofugal fibers:
- Ansa lenticularis (pass to thalamic nuclei)
- Fasciculus lenticularis (pass to subthalamus)
- Pallidotegmental (pass to caudal Tegmentum of midbrain)
- Pallidosubthalamic ( subthalamic nuclei)

26
Q

Nigrostriatal fibers release?

A

Dopamine and are inhibitory

27
Q

Brainstem striatal fibers release?

A

Serotonin and are inhibitory

28
Q

Neurotransmitter of striatopallidal fibers?

A

GABA

29
Q

Striatonigral fibers neurotransmitter?

A

GABA
ACH
Substance P

30
Q

what does the claustrum connect?

A

connects cortical (ie prefrontal cortex) to subcortical (thalamus) structures

31
Q

clinically, the basal ganglia is composed of which structures?

A

corpus striatum
subthalamic nucleus
substantia nigra

32
Q

head of the caudate nucleus forms the lateral wall of which horn of the lateral ventricle?

A

anterior horn

33
Q

body of the caudate nucleus forms part of the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle. T or F.

A

T

34
Q

what is the stria terminalis?

A

bundle of axons that originate in amygdaloid nucleus and its fibers going to septal nuclei, thalamic and hypothalamic areas

35
Q

thalamostriate vein is in the groove between thalamus and corpus striatum. T or F.

A

T
note: it drains caudate nucleus, thalamus, internal capsule and nearby structures

36
Q

what is the nucleus accumbens?

A

most ventral part of striatum and has a role in cognitive processing of aversion, motivation, pleasure, reward and addiction

37
Q

what are the afferent fibers to the nucleus accumbens?

A

prefrontal cortex
basolateral amygdala
dopaminergic neurons of ventral tegmental area
CA1 of hippocampus

38
Q

rewarding effects of addictive drugs mediated through effects on ventral pallidum. T or F.

A

T

38
Q

what are the efferent fibers of the nucleus accumvens?

A

ventral pallidum
substantia nigra
dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus

39
Q

amygdaloid nucleus is situated in the temporal lobe close to the uncus of hippocampus. T or F.

A

T

40
Q

amygdaloid nucleus has a larger basolateral group and a smaller central (corticomedial) group. T or F.

A

T

41
Q

what is the substantia innominate?

A

contains basal cholinergic nucleus of forebrain

42
Q

stria terminalis ends where?

A

septal area
anterior hypothalamus
preoptic area

Neuro 2 (6 decks)

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