Barotrauma, External Hematoma, & TM Perforations Flashcards
1
Q
What is the most common cause of TM perforations?
A
- infections
2
Q
What causes TM perforations in people with infections?
A
- cholesteatoma
3
Q
What is a cholesteatoma?
A
- pressure from infected fluid
4
Q
What are the symptoms of TM perforations?
A
- decreased hearing
- whistling sounds with equalizing maneuvers
- recurrent infections in canal with colds or water exposure
- pain
5
Q
How is TM perforation diagnosed?
A
- clinically
- ENT otoscope
- conductive hearing loss
- bubble test
6
Q
How is TM perforation treated?
A
- decrease risk of concurrent infection
- drops per ENT direction
- systemic abx with purulent drainage (otorrhea)
- surgery
7
Q
What is the prognosis for TM perforation?
A
- 10% reperforate
- choleasteatoma
- permanent hearing loss
8
Q
What is the common name for external hematoma?
A
- cauliflower ear
9
Q
What is an external hematoma?
A
- separation of the anterior auricular perichondrium from the underlying, tightly adherent cartilage
10
Q
In which situation would an external hematoma NOT be referred to ENT?
A
- none, everyone gets referred
11
Q
What is the treatment for external hematoma?
A
- I & D with OK from ENT
12
Q
What are contraindications to the treatment for external hematoma?
A
- older than 7d
- recurrent or chronic hematomas
13
Q
What are complications associated with external hematomas?
A
- reaccumulation
- infection
- chondritis
- scar
14
Q
What are the ‘must knows’ for external hematoma?
A
- do not leave undrained unless older than 7d
- apply a pressure dressing, ALWAYS
- daily f/u until seen by ENT
