Bandura et al

Question 1

Think about copying

What is the full name of Banduras study?

Answer 1

Bandura et als study of children imitating adult agression

Question 2

What are 4 the key contextial points?

Answer 2

1. Observational learning
2. Identfication
   3.Gender specfic behavior
3. Gender diffrences towards imitating aggression

Observation learning- Children learn social behavior by observing adults
Identfication- Previous studies showed that children identfiy with models when in the same sitaution and in the presence of the model but what happens when thats not the case
Gender specfic behavior- e.g. agression is more masuline
Gender diffrences- Will boys be more likly to imiate aggression and will boys be more likly to imiate male modles then female?

Question 3

Multiple choice: (What does obseravtional learning and identfication mean?)
a) Observation learning is learing through listening and idenfication is whne you identfiy a specfic area that intrests you
b) Observation learning is learning through observing behviour in a model and identfication is adopting the behaviour of a model in order to become like them (identify with them)
c) Observational learning is learning through observing behaviours and identfication is trying to identfiy certain behaviours that they want
d) Observational learning is trying to adapt to new behaviours and identfication is adopting the behaviour of a model in order to become like them (identify with them)

Answer 3

B

Question 4

These are all key parts of context and the aim and hypothese.

Explain in more depth how Observational learning, identfication, gender specfic behaviour and gender diffrences link into the study?

Answer 4

• Observational learning- Children learn social behaviour by observing adults (models)
• Identfication- In previous studies in the same situation an din the same presences of a model children adopted the behaviour of the models (identfing with the model) but this study wanted to take those previous studies further by seeing if those behviours woudl contiue in a diffrent situation and without the presence of a model
• Gender specfic behviour- An idea that children are senstive to gender specfic beviour such as aggression being associated iwth masculinty
• Gender diffrences- to see if boys were more likly to imtate agression and if boys are more likly to imiate a male modle than a female model?

Remember to always refer the social behaviour being aggression as this is what the study was focusing on

Question 5

What was the aim of the study?

Answer 5

• Investiaget observational learning of aggression
• Would children reproduce aggressive behaviour without a model present?
  Gender diffrences of aggression

Question 6

How many groups were the particpants split into?

Answer 6

3

Beare in mind that there were 3 groups but within each group they were further split into subgroups except for the control group

Question 7

What were the 3 groups split into?

Answer 7

• Group exposed to an aggressive model
• Group exposed to a non aggressive model
• Control group that did not see any model

Question 8

What are the 4 hypothesis that were tested?

Answer 8

1. Particpants exposed to aggressive model would be more likly to imiate aggression than those with the non aggressive model and those who jad no model at all
2. Partciapnst exposed to non aggressive model woudl be less aggressive than those with no model
   3.Partciapants would imiate aggression shown by the same sex than by the opposite sex
   4.Boys would be more likly to imiate aggression than girls

Question 9

True or false:
There were 72 participants, 36 male, 36 female

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Multiple choice: (What was teh age range of the particpants?)
a)2-6years
b)3-4years
c)2-5years
d)3-5years

Answer 10

D

mean age was 4 years and 4 months

Question 11

Where were the partcipants selected from?

Answer 11

nursery school of stanford university

Question 12

Multiple choice: (What was the design of the study?)
a) Labtory experiemnt and independant measures design
b) Labtory experiment and matched pairs
c) Field experiment and independant measures design
d) Field experiment and matched pairs

Answer 12

A

Question 13

What were the three independant variables tested?

Answer 13

1. The behaviour of the model (aggressive or not)
2. The sex of the model
3. The sex of the children

Question 14

How many conditions were there in total?

Answer 14

8

3Ivs, group with teh aggressive model split in half where half were modeled by the same sex as them and teh other were modlled by oposite sex to them, group with the non aggressive model split in half were modelled by the same sex as them and the other were moddled by a diffrent six as them, control group which had no model .

Question 15

Multiple choice: (How were the particpants matched?)
a) Levels of aggression
b) Gender
c) Intelligance
d) Ethnicity

Answer 15

A

The teacher and experimenter independiantly rated 51 children from a scale of 0-5 and then an aggrement between the raters were achived

Question 16

Describe the group with the aggressive model

Answer 16

• 12 girls and boys
• Split into a further 6 girls and boys
• Half were shown aggression modled by the same sex
• Other half were shown aggression modled by the opposite sex

Question 17

Describe the group with the non aggressive model?

Answer 17

• 12 girls and 12 boys
• Split into a further 6 girls and boys
• Half were shown non aggressive ebhaviour by the same ex
• Other half were shown non aggressive behaviour by the opposite sex

Question 18

Describe the control group

Answer 18

12 girls and boys that did not see any behviour (aggressive nor non aggressive)

Question 19

What were the three stages of procedure?

Answer 19

1. Modelling the behaviour
2. Aggression arousal
3. Testing for delayed imitation

Question 20

This is the first part of the the three procudures.

Explain in more detail the modelling the behaviour procudure?

explain each group

Answer 20

• Each child was brought into a room indvidually to join in a game for 10mins
• Group with the aggressive model: An adult was present in the room demonstarting aggression twoards a 5 foot tall inflatable bobo doll, by kicking, hitteing (even with a hammer) and through verbal aggression ‘kick him… pow… sock him on the nose’
• Group with non aggressive model: An adult was present assembling toys and was not interacting with the bobo doll.
• Control group: No adult was present in the room

Question 21

Explain in more detail the aggression arousal procudure.

Answer 21

• This stage was to increase aggression within the children.
• The children were taken into a diffrent play room full of toys (attractive toys) that they were allowed to play with for 2 mins
• They were then told that cant play with the toys anymore because they were ‘the very best toys’ that would be reserved for other children.

basically to increase there anger. having fun playing with toys then toys got taken away from them to be told they were for other children and not them.

Question 22

Explain in more detail testing for delayed immitation.

Answer 22

• Children were observed playing for 20 mins, the experiment was busying herself with paperwork
• Observers watched from a one way mirror.
• The room was full of toys as well as the bobo doll which was smaller than the ones used in the modelling by behaviour procedure.

Observers had no idea which child was part of which group this was to reduce bias

Question 23

Did the observers know which child was in what condition?

Answer 23

No

To reduce bias

Question 24

What were the three types of aggression recorded by the observers?

Answer 24

1. Immitative aggression carried out by the model (verbal and physical aggression)
2. Partiall imatative aggression- aggression simialr to the ones modlessed by the model
3. Non-immative aggression- new aggression not shown by the mode

Question 25

True or false: The data collected was qualitiative

Answer 25

False- quantitative

Showed signficance diffrence between the level of immitative agression betwene the group that witnessed the aggression compared to the otehr two that didnt see aggression.

Question 26

Which group showed more aggression and which group showed less aggression?

Answer 26

• The ocndition with the aggressive model showed more aggression
  The ocndition with non aggressive modle showed less aggression

Question 27

What were the 4 key results recorded?

Answer 27

1. Children that saw the aggressive modle were much more aggressive
2. There was little difference in aggression shown in the non aggressive condition and the control group
3. Boys were more likely to imitate aggression from the same gener (male). This was smaller for girls
4. Boys were more physically aggressive. Girls were more verbally aggressive

Question 28

What was the conclusion made?

Answer 28

1. Someone who witnesses aggression this is enough for them to reproduce that aggression.-In other studies it was seen that learning was something that this is gradual process through being rewarded. But this study showed otherwise.
2. Childre tend to selectively imitate gender specific behaviour
3. It could be seen that children already knew aggression but when a adult displayed aggression it became ok.
4. CHildre tended to imitate the exact aggression modelled showing the wherein fact learning the behaviour

Shiwed anew wa that people lear through observaionad not just through rewad aounismet likewha wasintially belived. Children tend to fllowthe same sex. children learing the behaviour of aggresson through copying adlts.