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Gen pharm test 2 > Banana Bread 2 > Flashcards

Banana Bread 2 Flashcards

0
Q

How do addicting drugs work?

A

Disrupting neurotransmission

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1
Q

What is a useful model to see drug use in humans?

A

Self administer drugs and animals

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2
Q

Toxic effects of local anesthetics

A

Cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, allergic reactions, hypotension

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3
Q

Effects of using Epinephrine with lidocaine

A

It can cause gangrene and ischemia when added near extremities and it causes local basil construction which reduces diffusion of anesthetic away from the site

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4
Q

How can high concentrations of local anesthetic affect the heart and brain?

A

The heart and brain both have electrically excitable cells sensitive to channel blocking. Local anesthetic asked by blocking reason sodium channels

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5
Q

Effects of information in infection on local anesthetics

A

It can lower the pH of the tissues which will decrease the ability of the anesthetic to diffuse into the nervous tissue

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6
Q

Which nerve fibers are the most sensitive to local anesthetics?

A

Nerve fibers with small diameters that fire rapidly

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7
Q

Which of the following drug classes can be used as the maintenance drug treatment programs for hair and addicts and alcoholics?

A

Long-acting opioid antagonist

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8
Q

Flumazenil

A

Blocks actions of benzo’s in non-benzo benzo receptor agonist, Used to treat benzo overdose, does not enhance GABA mediated chloride conductance through the GABA a receptor

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9
Q

Entanercept (embrel)

A

It is a tumor necrosis factor antagonists used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

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10
Q

Methotrexate

A

Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis at low dose

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11
Q

Allopurinol

A

Decreases uric acid production by inhibiting XOA

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12
Q

Triazolam

A

Short acting benzo use for patient with temporary sleep disorder without anxiety

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13
Q

Valium(diazepam)

A

Long-acting been so used to treat anxiety and sleep disorder, suppress seizures, reduce problems with cerebral palsy, and suppress alcohol withdrawal

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14
Q

Ethanol

A

Increases GABA mediated chloride conductance at the GABA a receptor

Decreases glutamate mediated cation conductance at in NMDA receptor

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15
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSRI

A

Takes two weeks before antidepressant effect

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16
Q

Abilify

A

Treatment of bipolar and schizophrenia

It is a partial agonist of dopamine D2 receptors

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17
Q

Lithium carbonate

A

Treatment of bipolar by decreasing manic and depressive phases

Can be used in combination with haloperidol for treatment of acute mania

Combined with carbamazepine for prophylactic treatment of bipolar

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18
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Anticonvulsant and induces P450

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19
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Anti-Parkinson – directly ask on D2 dopamine receptors

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20
Q

Carbidopa

A

Inhibits aromatic L amino acid decarboxylase

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21
Q

Dexamethasone/Decadron

A

Used to diagnose Cushing’s, does not bind to CBG, has maximum anti-inflammatory and minimal so retaining activity

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22
Q

Buspirone

A

Relieves anxiety when taken for days or weeks

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23
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Treatment of acute adrenocortical insufficiency

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24
Q

Propranolol/Inderal

A

Treatment of thyroid storm

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25
Q

Tamoxifen

A

It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator/SERM

26
Q

Fludrocortisone/Florinef

A

Treatment of acute adrenocortical insufficiency

27
Q

Which contraceptive increases the risk of thrombus formation?

A

Transdermal patch container containing ethanal estradiol and Noregestromin

28
Q

Clomiphene citrate (clomid)

A

Induces ovulation

29
Q

Which of the following drugs prevents osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?

A

Reloxifene

30
Q

What is a side effect of insulin?

A

Hypoglycemia

31
Q

Which drug functions by primarily increasing insulin secretion?

A

Sulfonylureas

32
Q

Thiazolidinedione

A

Takes 3 to 6 weeks to reach Max effect because drug needs to activate PPA are gamma to induce gene expression in target tissues

33
Q

Acetazolamide

A

A week diuretic that inhibits carbonic anhydrase and patience to inhibit bicarbonate reabsorption

34
Q

Furosemide/Lasix

A

Strong diuretic use to treat chronic and or severe volume expanded conditions

35
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Week diuretic use to inhibit sodium chloride transport in the distal tubule

36
Q

Spironolactane

A

Potassium sparing diuretics that is an antagonist of collecting duct Aldosterone receptor

37
Q

Cimetidine

A

Prevents parietal cell acid secretion by antagonism of the H2 histamine receptor

38
Q

Pepto-Bismol

A

Colloidal bismuth compound that protects the gastrointestinal mucosa attack by pepsin in acid

39
Q

Omeprazole/Prilosec

A

Prevents parietal cell acid secretion by direct inhibition of the potassium ATPase

40
Q

Naltrexone/Revia

A

Opioid antagonist used in alcoholic and opioid Addicts as maintenance drug

41
Q

Which drug would you not give it to a type two diabetic with intestinal disease?

A

Acarbose/precose

42
Q

Cromolyn sodium/Intal

A

Membrane stabilizer and inhibitor of mast cell degranulation

43
Q

Interferon B1a/Avonex

A

Decreases entry activated T cells into the CNS

44
Q

Prednisone

A

Long-term use can lead to suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary axis, and blocks synthesis of all eicosanoids

45
Q

Eicosanoids

A

Regulate vasoconstriction vasodilation relating to inflammation

46
Q

Ramelteon

A

Treatment of delayed onset sleep disorders. Acts on MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors

47
Q

Chronic treatment with diazepam

A

Results and accumulation of active drug metabolites may persist for weeks following the withdrawal of the drug

48
Q

Clinical potency of typical anti-psychotic drugs correlates with

A

They are affinity for binding to 2D subtype of dopamine receptors in the brain

49
Q

Prednisone

A

Has an intermediate duration of action for anti-inflammatory activity and mineralocorticoid affects when compared to dexamethasone and Cortizone

50
Q

Claritin

A

Histamine H1 antagonist

51
Q

Misoprostol/cytotec

A

Treatment of gastric ulcers due to chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

52
Q

Morphine

A

Treatment of pain, cough, diarrhea and spinal gives regional anesthesia with minimal side effects

53
Q

Codeine

A

Moderate opioid agonist

Lower abuse potential than strong opioid agonist

54
Q

Drug abuse

A

Chronic relapse do two levels of D2 dopamine receptors examined by PET scanning

Takes months to year for brain to heal from drug use

55
Q

Antipsychotic drugs potency

A

There affinity to bind the two subtypes of dopamine in the brain

56
Q

Strychnine

A

Convulsants effects due to glycine receptor antagonist

57
Q

What mechanism is not responsible for effects of glucocorticoids in treatment information?

A

Blocking H2 receptors

58
Q

Phencyclidine

A

Induces neurotoxicity associated with long-term depletion of serotonin in the brain

59
Q

Abrupt withdrawal of glucocorticoids inpatients can lead to?

A

Adrenal insufficiency

60
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Side effect of antipsychotic drugs after chronic administration

61
Q

Second-generation H one histamine receptor antagonist

A

Do not cross blood brain barrier efficiently

62
Q

Ambien

A

Short acting non benzo drug that is useful as hypnotic agent

Gen pharm test 2 (5 decks)

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