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RADTECH > BALLINGER - 1 > Flashcards

BALLINGER - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The process of killing only those microorganisms that are pathogenic

A

Disinfection

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2
Q

This inhibits the growth without necessary killing pathogenic microorganisms

A

Antiseptics

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3
Q

Destruction of all microorganisms

A

STERILIZATION

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4
Q

The 3 types of muscular tissue

A
  1. SMOOTH
  2. CARDIAC
  3. STRIATED
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5
Q

Involuntary or voluntary:
Smooth

A

INVOLUNTARY

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6
Q

Involuntary or voluntary:
Cardiac

A

INVOLUNTARY

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7
Q

Involuntary or voluntary:
Striated

A

VOLUNTARY

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8
Q

The rhythmic action of muscular tissue of alimentary tract

A

PERISTALSIS

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9
Q

Where is peristalsis more active?

A

STOMACH

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10
Q

How many waves per minute is peristalsis in stomach

A

3/4 WAVES PER-MINUTE

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11
Q

Heart is what kind of muscle

A

CARDIAC

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12
Q

Involuntary motion is caused by

A
  1. SPASM
  2. TREMOR
  3. CHILLS
  4. PERISTALSIS
  5. PAIN
  6. HEART PULSATION
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13
Q

Skeletal muscles are composed of which kind of muscles

A

STRIATED MUSCULAR TISSUE

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14
Q

What should be done to compensate for magnification

A

INCREASE SID

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15
Q

1 inch is equals to how many centimeters

A

2.54 CENTIMETERS

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16
Q

How many inch in one cm

A

0.3937 INCH

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17
Q

Principal beam of rays

A

CENTRAL RAY

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18
Q

Increase SID = Magnified

A

DECREASE

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19
Q

Decrease magnification = __ record detail

A

Increase

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20
Q

Increased SID = ___ longer exposure

A

INCREASE

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21
Q

SSD shall not be less than ____ inches and should not be less than ____ inches

A

12 ; 15

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22
Q

Increased collimation =
___ px dose
___ scattered radiation
___ recorded detail
___ radiographic contrast
___ scale contrast

A

DECREASED PX DOSE
DECREASED SCATTERED RADIATION
INCREASED RECORDED
INCREASED RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST
SHORTER SCALE CONTRAST

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23
Q

When and who discovered x-rays?

A

NOVEMBER 1895 ; WILHELM CONRAD ROENTGEN

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24
Q

When did Roentgen get a Nobel Prize in Physics

A

1901

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25
Q

X-rays first fatality

A

CHARLES T. DALLY

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26
Q

When did Clarence Dally died

A

1904

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27
Q

Who developed fluoroscope and discovered calcium tungstate?

A

THOMAS EDISON

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28
Q

In how many rad is death

A

200 rad

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29
Q

In how many rad is hematologic depression

A

25 rad

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30
Q

What is the min. dose in rad for skin erythema?

A

200 RAD

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31
Q

What is the min. dose in rad for epilation

A

300 RAD

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32
Q

What is the min. dose in rad for Chromosome Aberration

A

5 RAD IN WHOLE BODY

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33
Q

What is the min. dose in rad for gonadal dysfunction?

A

10 RAD IN LOCAL TISSUE

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34
Q

Deterministic:
Linear or Non linear
Threshold or Non threshold

A

NON LINEAR THRESHOLD

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35
Q

Deterministic:
Linear or Non linear
Threshold or Non threshold

A

NON LINEAR THRESHOLD

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36
Q

Stochastic:
Linear or Non linear
Threshold or Non threshold

A

LINEAR NON THRESHOLD

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37
Q

Stochastic:
Linear or Non linear
Threshold or Non threshold

A

LINEAR NON THRESHOLD

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38
Q

2 Categories of Stochastic Effect

A
  1. GENETIC EFFECTS
  2. STOCHASTIC EFFECTS
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39
Q

All cells of the body imaging except genetic cells

A

SOMATIC CELLS

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40
Q

Exposure:
Conventional Unit:
SI Unit:

A

ROENTGEN;C/KG

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41
Q

Air Kerma:
Conventional Unit:
SI Unit:

A

ROENTGEN;GYa

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42
Q

Absorbed Dose:
Conventional Unit:
SI Unit:

A

RAD;GYt

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43
Q

Dose equivalent:
Conventional Unit:
SI Unit:

A

REM;SIEVERT

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44
Q

Radioactivity :
Conventional Unit:
SI Unit:

A

CURIE: BECQUEREL

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45
Q

How many rad in one Gyt

A

100 RAD = 1 GYt

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46
Q

How many rad in one Roentgen

A

100 RAD = 1 R = 100 REM

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47
Q

How many mGya in one Roentgen

A

10 MGYa = 1 R

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48
Q

What are the Natural Background Radiation?

A
  1. COSMIC RADIATION
  2. NATURALLY DEPOSITED RADIONUCLIDES
  3. TERRESTRIAL RADIATION
  4. RADON
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49
Q

What type of dose response relationship is the basis for radiation protection?

A

LINEAR NON THRESHOLD

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50
Q

How many mSV is the dose limit for annual effective dose equivalent

A

50 mSv in one year

51
Q

Lens of the eye annual dose

52
Q

Dose for extremities

53
Q

Public expose dose limit

54
Q

Education (under 18) dose limit

55
Q

Total dose equivalent limit for fetus

56
Q

Dose equivalent dose for fetus per month

57
Q

Patient Dose in the contrast expressed in 3 ways and these are:

A

1.ENTRANCE SKIN EXPOSURE
2.ORGAN DOSE
3.FETAL DOSE

58
Q

Easiest to estimate in the wats to expressed patient dose

A

ENTRANCE SKIN DOSE

59
Q

Cant be measured directly but must be estimated

A

ORGAN DOSE

60
Q

Above 70 kVp how many is the aluminum equivalent is needed for filtration?

61
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
The px couch is considered part of the fluoroscopic filtration.

62
Q

Is the restriction of the useful x-ray beam to the anatomy being examined

A

COLLIMATION

63
Q

The ____ of the image receptor greatly influences px dose

64
Q

At least how many mm is the lead apron

A

0.5 mm BECAUSE THICKER APRON MAY TOO HEAVY

65
Q

What are the 4 types of radiation measuring devices

A
  1. POCKET IONIZATION DEVICES
  2. FILM BADGE
  3. TLD
  4. OSL
66
Q

Anually how many mSv is the limit for pregnant radtech?

67
Q

Term applied to the science of the structure pf the body

68
Q

Study of the function of the body organs

A

PHYSIOLOGY

69
Q

Study of the body of knowledge relaying to the bones

70
Q

Divides the body to left and right segments

A

SAGITTAL PLANE

71
Q

Divides the body to anterior and posterior segments

72
Q

Divides the body to superior and inferior segments

A

HORIZONTAL
PLANE

73
Q

Can pass through the body part at any angle between three planes

A

OBLIQUE PLANE

74
Q

Transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crest at the level of fourth lumbar spinous process

A

INTERILIAC PLANE

75
Q

Formed by biting surfaces of the teeth

A

OCCLUSAL PLANE

76
Q

What are the two body cavities

A
  1. THORACIC CAVITY
  2. ABDOMINAL/ ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
77
Q

External landmark:
C1

A

MASTOID TIP

78
Q

External landmark:
C2-C3

79
Q

External landmark:
C3-C4

A

HYOID BONE

80
Q

External landmark:
C5

A

THYROID CARTILAGE

81
Q

External landmark:
C7

A

VERTEBRA PROMINENS

82
Q

External landmark:
T1

A

5 CM SUPERIOR TO THE LEVEL OF JUGULAR NOTCH

83
Q

External landmark:
T2-T3

A

LEVEL OF JUGULAR NOTCH

84
Q

External landmark:
T4-T5

A

LEVEL OF STERNAL ANGLE

85
Q

External landmark:
T7

A

LEVEL OF INFERIOR ANGLE OF SCAPULA

86
Q

External landmark:
T9-T10

A

LEVEL OF XIPHOID PROCESS

87
Q

External landmark:
L2-L3

A

INFERIOR COSTAL MARGIN

88
Q

External landmark:
L4-L5

A

LEVEL OF MOST SUPERIOR ASPECT OF ILIAC CRESTS

89
Q

External landmark:
S1-S2

90
Q

External landmark:
Coccyx

A

SYMPHYSIS PUBIS AND GREATER TROCHANTER

91
Q

Explain the Sthenic 50%
Heart:
Lungs:
Diaphragm:
Stomach:
Colon:
Gallbladder:
Build:
Abdomen:
Thorax:
Pelvis:

A

HEART: MODERATELY TRANSVERSE
LUNGS: MODERATE LENGTH
DIAPHRAGM: MODERATE HIGH
STOMACH: HIGH UPPER LEFT
COLON: SPREAD EVENLY; SLIGHT DIP IN TRANSVERSE COLON
GALLBLADDER: CENTERED ON THE RIGHT SIDE UPPER ABDOMEN
BUILD: MODERATELY HEAVY
ABDOMEN: MODERATELY LONG
THORAX: MODERATELY SHORT, BROAD AND DEEP
PELVIS:RELATIVELY SMALL

92
Q

Answer the following:
Hypersthenic 5%
Heart:
Lungs:
Diaphragm:
Stomach:
Colon:
Gallbladder:
Build:
Abdomen:
Thorax:
Pelvis:

A

HEART: AXIS NEARLY TRANSVERSE
LUNGS: SHORT APICES AT OR NEAR APICES
DIAPHRAGM: HIGH
STOMACH: HIGH TRANSVERSE AND IN THE MIDDLE
COLON:AROUND PERIPHERY OF ABDOMEN
GALLBLADDER: HIGH OUTSIDE MORE PARALLEL
BUILD: MASSIVE
ABDOMEN: LONG
THORAX:SHORT BROAD
PELVIS: NARROW

93
Q

Answer the following:
Asthenic 5%
Heart:
Lungs:
Diaphragm:
Stomach:
Colon:
Gallbladder:
Build:
Abdomen:
Thorax:
Pelvis:

A

HEART: NEARLY VERTICAL AND AT THE MIDLINE
LUNGS: LONG APICES ABOVE CLAVICLES MAY BE BROADER ABOVE
DIAPHRAGM:LOW
STOMACH: LOW AND MEDIAL IN PELVIS WHEN STANDING
COLON: LOW FOLDS ON ITSELF
GALLBLADDER: LOW AND NEARER THE MIDLINE
BUILD: TALL
ABDOMEN:SHORT
THORAX: LONG AND SHALLOW
PELVIS: WIDE

94
Q

How many bones are in the adult human

95
Q

2 main groups of skeletal system

A
  1. AXIAL SKELETAL
  2. APPENDICULAR SKELETAL
96
Q

Protects the bone and give strength in supporting the body

A

COMPACT BONE

97
Q

Less dense inner layer. Contains a speculated network of interconnecting spaces

A

SPONGY BONE

98
Q

Speculated network of interconnecting spaces

A

TRABECULAE

99
Q

Part of trabeculae that produces red and white blood cells

A

RED MARROW

100
Q

Part of trabeculae that produces our stores adipose or fat cells

A

YELLOW MARROW

101
Q

Long bone central cavity

A

MEDULLARY CANAL

102
Q

Tough fibrous connective tissue and that covers all bony surfaces except articular surface which are covered by articular cartilage.

A

PERIOSTEUM

103
Q

Tissue lining the medullary cavity

104
Q

Opening in the periosteum near the center

A

NUTRIENT FORAMEN

105
Q

Supply cancellous bone and marrow

A

NUTRIENT ARTERY

106
Q

Supplies compact bone

A

PERIOSTEAL ARTERY

107
Q

Development and formation of bones

A

OSSIFICATION

108
Q

What are the two distinct process of ossification

A
  1. INTER-MEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION
  2. ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
109
Q

Study of joints or articulation of bones

A

ARTHROLOGY

110
Q

Functional classification of bones joints that means immovable

A

SYNARTHROSES

111
Q

Functional classification of bones joints that means slightly movable

A

AMPHIATHROSES

112
Q

Functional classification of bones joints that means freely movable

A

DIATHROSES

113
Q

Type of joint that do not have joint cavity and is united by fibrous and connective tissue’s

A

FIBROUS JOINTS

114
Q

An immovable joint or very slightly movable joint united by sheets of fibrous tissue. Example inferior tibio fibular joint

A

SYNDESMOSIS

115
Q

An immovable joint occurring only in the skull

116
Q

An immovable joint that occurs only in the roots of the teeth

117
Q

Three types of structural classification of joints

A
  1. FIBROUS
  2. CARTILAGINOUS
  3. SYNOVIAL
118
Q

Slightly movable joints That are designed for strength and shock absorbency

119
Q

Animal double join and immovable joint that contains a rigid cartilage that unites two bones. Example epiphyseal plate

A

SYNCHONDROSIS

120
Q

Inner layer that surrounds the entire join to create a joint cavity.

A

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

121
Q

Thick yellow viscous fluid inside the synovial membrane that reduces friction

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID

122
Q

This covers the joints that ease the motion

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

123
Q

Pad of fibrocartilage that are shock absorbers

124
Q

Synovial filled fluid sacks outside the main joint cavity

RADTECH (4 decks)

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