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826: Geriatrics > Balance and Falls > Flashcards

Balance and Falls Flashcards

1
Q

Postural control involves controlling the body’s position in space for what 2 things?

A
  • Stability

- Orientation

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2
Q

The underlying causes of falls is a complex interaction of what 4 factors?

A
  • Biomedical
  • Physiological
  • Psychosocial
  • Environmental
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3
Q

Falls are a result of loss of what?

A

postural control

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4
Q

Essentially, what does balance require?

A

keeping the Center of Mass (COM) over the Base of Support (BOS) during static and dynamic situations

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5
Q

What are the 3 neural components of postural control?

A
  • Sensory processes
  • Central processing
  • Effector
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6
Q

What can be defined as the maximum angle from vertical that can be tolerated?

A

Limits of Stability

OR

“Cone Stability”

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7
Q

With the ankle strategy, is control proximal to distal or distal to proximal?

A

distal to proximal

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8
Q

When utilizing the ankle strategy and trying to recover from a forward sway, what muscles are active?

A
  • paraspinals
  • hamstrings
  • gastroc
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9
Q

When utilizing the ankle strategy and trying to recover from a backward sway, what muscles are active?

A
  • abdominals
  • quads
  • tibialis posterior
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10
Q

With the hip strategy, is control proximal to distal or distal to proximal?

A

proximal to distal

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11
Q

When utilizing the hip strategy and trying to recover from a forward sway, what muscles are active?

A
  • abdominals

- quads

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12
Q

When utilizing the hip strategy and trying to recover from a backward sway, what muscles are active?

A
  • paraspinals

- hamstrings

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13
Q

Do older adults tend to utilize ankle or hip strategy?

A

hip

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14
Q

Describe how the suspensory strategy can help maintain balance

A

bending the knees during standing or ambulation enhances stability

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15
Q

What can be defined as postural adjustments that are made before voluntary movements to minimize disturbances in balance (feed forward)?

A

Anticipatory Postural Control

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16
Q

During perturbance of balance, _____ rely on somatosensory inputs.
Whereas _____ rely more on visual input.

A

adults

children

17
Q

What are the 3 different parts of the sensory system provide different sources of information about the body’s position and movement in space?

A
  • vision
  • somatosensory
  • vestibular
18
Q

What does vision provide information about?

A

the position and motion of the head in the environment.

19
Q

Visual ____ detects subtle differences in shapes

A

acuity

20
Q

What does the somatosensory system provide information about?

A

the body with reference to supporting surfaces

21
Q

What does the somatosensory system receive information from?

A
  • muscle spindles
  • joint receptors
  • tendon organs
  • mechanoreceptors
22
Q

What are 2 ways to grossly assess proprioception?

A

Detecting the subtle movement of the big toe (

23
Q

What does the vestibular system provide information about?

A

the position and movement of the head, in reference to gravity and inertial forces

24
Q

Vestibular information is received from the vestibule responsible for position and _____ acceleration

A

linear

25
Q

Vestibular information is received from the semi-circular canal responsible for ______ movement

A

rotational

26
Q

What functional task is a strong predictor of fall risk in the community?

A

rising from a chair

27
Q

A score of __ seconds or higher on the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) demonstrates a modest ability to predict those at risk of falls

A

13

28
Q

What percentage of older adults who experience a fall develop a fear of falling?

A

1/3

29
Q

What are 2 measures that can be used to assess fear of falling?

A
  • Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I)

- Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)

30
Q

More than __% of older adults (50 years or more) reported participation restriction following a fall.

A

50

31
Q

A reach less than _ inches on the functional reach test predicts the risk of falling within the next 6 months

A

6

32
Q

A score less than __ on the Berg Balance test is associated with a high risk for falls

A

45

33
Q

A score less than or equal to __ indicates the individual has a 100% chance of falling within the next 6 months

A

36

34
Q

A score less than or equal to __ on the DGI was found to be predictive of falls in older adults

A

19

35
Q

An older adult who takes longer than __ seconds on the TUG is classified as a faller

A

13.5

826: Geriatrics (12 decks)

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