Balance and Exercise Testing

Question 1

Momentum

Answer 1

m x V= M

Question 2

BOS

Answer 2

Perimeter of contact w the ground

Includes AD

Question 3

COG

Answer 3

Vertical projection of the center of mass to the ground

Question 4

Balance control

Answer 4

A complex motor task involving detection & integration of sensory info to assess position and motion of body in space and execute musculoskeletal responses to control body position.
- requires interaction of nervous system and musculoskeletal

Question 5

3 key sensory components of balance

Answer 5

Visual: gaze, speed, direction of movement
Vestibular: acceleration and head position
Somatosensory: pressure, orientation, and movement of body parts, skin, muscles and joints, proprioception

Question 6

Types of balance control

Answer 6

Static
Dynamic
Automatic

Question 7

Static

Answer 7

Sit, stand

Question 8

Dynamic balance control

Answer 8

Move on steady surface or steady on moving surface

Question 9

Automatic postural reaction (balance control)

Answer 9

An unexpected external push (perturbation)

Question 10

Motor strategies (distal to proximal)

Answer 10

Ankle
Weight shift, frontal plane
Suspension( lower COM)
Hip
Stepping( limit of stability over reached)
Combined

Question 11

Who should be tested for balance

Answer 11

Elderly
Weak
Recent surgery
Neuro impairments
Amputees
Kids
Ppl taking more than 4 prescriptions

Question 12

TUG test

Answer 12

Timed up and go
Chair height:44-47 cm
Stand, walk 3m, go back and sit down
Timed!

Question 13

4 square step test

Answer 13

Measure by time not quality

Both feet must touch each square

Question 14

10m walk test

Answer 14

2m to get going
Walk 10m
2 m to slow down
Only time 10 m
.8m/sec is normal in community

Question 15

Single limb support norms

Answer 15

60: 22sec
70s: 15 sec
20-50: 30sec

Question 16

Tinetti balance test

Answer 16

Task oriented test to measure older adults gait and balance abilities

• armless chair, stopwatch, 15 ft walkway
• 3 point scale 0-2

Question 17

YMCA ergometer scale

Answer 17

Estimates VO2 max

3 or more consecutive 3min workloads to put HR@ 85% for 2 of those

Question 18

3 min step test

Answer 18

12 in step

3 min, wait 5 sec then take the HR

Question 19

Cooper 12 min walk/run test

Answer 19

Record distance in meters ran/walked in 12 min and determine the VO2max

Question 20

VO2 max

Answer 20

Greatest amount of 02 that can be used at cellular level by body
Correlates w degree of physical conditioning

Question 21

Bruce protocol

Answer 21

Use treadmill at varying degrees and grades while taking heart rate

Question 22

Borg scale/ rating of perceived exertion

Answer 22

Subjective rating of exertion

6-22 or 0-10

Question 23

Contraindications for exercise

Answer 23

Uncontrolled dysrhythmia
Uncontrolled heart failure
Recent MI
 Acute myocarditis
Acute pulmonary embolism
Aneurysm
Infection
Unstable angina w in month

Question 24

Angina scale

Answer 24

1 light; barely noticeable
2 moderate, bothersome
3 very uncomfortable
4 most pain ever

Question 25

6 min walk test

Answer 25

No encouragement
Continuous course of 60m
Verbal instructions
Supplemental 02 can be used
Pre/post test measures: HR, dyspnea, fatigue, 02 sat

Question 26

Fugl Meyer assessment

Answer 26

Used to test stroke pts function and growth
Perform on unaffected side once then affected side 3x
Tests UMN, LMN, balance and stability, proprioception, light touch, joint ROM and joint pain.
Takes 30 min to 2 hours